Scavenger Hunt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

trade rat Hunt - Research Paper ExampleQuestion 2 sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can bm sterility The two main sexually transmitted infections that cause infertility are gonorrhea and Chlamydia (Wingood & DiClemente, 2002). clack is caused by bacteria and dwells in the bodily fluids. It is contacted through vaginal, anal or oral sex. It leads to a causation known as epididymitis and Pelvic inflammatory illness (PID) (Fogel & Woods, 2008). This is due to the infection of the urethral tract and the vaginal duct. Chlamydia is also caused by bacteria that stay in vaginal fluid and semen. It left untreated Chlamydia causes infertility where a condition known as epididymitis and PID causes the infertility (Covington, & Burns, 2006). Question 3 Giardiasis The disease is unremarkably known as Beaver fever (Veliah, 2005). It is a gastrointestinal illness that is exhibited by serious diarrhea. The disease is caused by a parasite that is known as Giardia Lamblia. This is dise ase is water-borne and it affects the human intestines where it affects over 200 meg populace globally every years (Langford, & Langford, 2002). The disease is reported to have affected about 90 communities in the United States in the years between 1964 and 1984 (Caveney, Jones & Ellis, 2012). Question 4 peer-reviewed journal article on smoking cessation Michele A Faulkner, (2009), Smoking cessation an economic analysis and review of varenicline, Journal clinical Economics and Outcomes Research, Vol. 1, issu 1. Pgs 25-30 is a peer reviewed article that addresses the attempts in reducing the use of tobacco. The article raises concerns that despite the some efforts in reducing the use of tobacco the rate of smoking continues to go high leading to wrong death and morbidity. There are economic costs related to smoking which include health take costs and loss of productivity (AJHP, 1986 & Callahan, 2000). The main program raised in the article is the varenicline novel utensil aimed at addressing the ability to reduce the addiction and withdrawal symptoms (Michele, 2009). Question 5 Durham Region with the highest region of births to teenagers According to various findings it has been established that Oshawa area in the Durham Region has the highest rate of births to teenagers which replicates the place the fuss was living at the time the child was born (Smithard, 2009). The high births rates are as a result of availability of less expensive housing and the supports and motivation from the mothers (Goldin, Reinert & World Bank, 2007 Vargas, 2009). Question 6 The residuum between angina and a tit outrage Angina is a term that is applied by doctors to refer to the pain in the chest as a result of insufficient oxygen fork over to the kernel muscles (Jevon, 2012). This form of pain is identical to the pain as a result of heart attack (Jackson, 2004). On the other hand heart attack is a long lasting damage to the heart muscle which might lead to inability of t he tissues to function well due to lack of blood supply. The heart muscles need regular oxygen supply which is initiated through the blood (Ramaiah, 2008). Question 7 The Cost of shell 2 Diabetes in Canada The type 2 diabetes is along life state where

Divorce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

disassociate - Assignment ExampleThis report card will look at the consequences of divorce on family life.The foundation of all society is its families. When two p bents snag up, a family is undermined. Divorce is a terrible scourge which forces families to move out of houses, sometimes change cities or schools, and split into two separate families. For everyone involved this is a severe and traumatic situation.Children are impressionable. They are offset their journey on the path of life and are deeply sensitive to the world around them. They explore patterns and they seek to understand why certain patterns have certain results. Although they may not understand the extensive complications underwriting our society, they nevertheless have an inkling of how are world is structured and determined, the family provides this context as does their parents marriage. Divorce potful have a serious effect on this. As Socrates writesNow, do you appreciate that the most heavy stage of a ny enterprise is the beginning, especially when something you and sensitive is involved? You, thats when most of its formation takes place, and it absorbs every impression that anyone wants to stamp upon it. . . . Shall we, then, casually allow our children to listen to any old stories, made up by just anyone, and to take into their minds views which, on the whole, contradict those well want them to have as adults?1In the Republic, the guardians are educated as children by the stories they are told. These stories provide moral justification for the actions and inactions of the people around them and are instrumental in their understanding of their own role in the world. But they must not be poems or fanciful stories, Socrates insists. They must tell young people about the truth of the world, not of lies. It is vitally important for parents who are having a divorce to be honest with their children. Lies do not help anyone.Divorce is a traumatic experience. It affects the foundation o f society

Mary Barnett Trial Handoutiter's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mary Barnett Trial Handoutiters choice - Essay ExampleThe case was categorized as a second degree murder because Mary Barnett was charged with intentional murder without premeditation. I cave in been asked to be on the jury to review the testimony and claims of the defendant, prosecution, and witnesses, and to come up with a fair verdict.Caroline Hospers statement clearly indicates that Mary Barnett was addicted to liquor products, and she could never carry out the duties and responsibilities of a practiced mother. In other words, Barnett had been following a bad lifestyle mainly because she lived without a husband. Hospers argument that Barnett went to call down her fianc just to party and have a good time with him cannot be taken into account because it is Hospers individualized view only (Chaffee para 4). Perhaps, Barnett and Caroline might not be in good terms, and and then Hospers observation that the handle was not taken care of properly should not be considered in set t o support prosecution arguments (Chaffee para 4).Officer Mitchell tells that Barnett intentionally left her baby to get to California in time and she was aware that she would not be back for a while. Referring to Barnetts initial responses, Mitchell asserts that Barnett was really assured of what she was going to do when she planned to leave the baby unattended in the apartment. Taking care of the baby was not the first priority of Barnett because she was extremely excited to visit her fianc at that time. Although Barnett had tried to arrange a babysitter for Alison, she could not find one, and therefore she just decided to leave her baby in the apartment for a few days.While analyzing the view of Dr. Parker, a professional psychiatrist, the defendant is competent to stand the furrow on the charges she was accused of because Barnett developed depression and anxiety problems only after the shocking death of her daughter. jibe to Dr. Parker, Barnett was mentally competent on

Socioautobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socioautobiography - Essay archetypeI had to know how to protect myself, but part of that protection meant keeping interest off of me when it came to manageable threats. In Queens, in the middle of New York City and surrounded by millions of people, there was n of all time tolerable space for me to go off and have any time to myself. I had to learn to make my cause privacy even when surrounded by other people. I believe this quality has benefited me well in improving my ability to focus in distracting situations. I everlastingly lived in a two-parent household. I always knew that my parents loved me, my two brothers, and each other very much. These positive memories from my childhood have given me a stable foundation on which to build the rest of my life. My parents example of a healthy marriage gave me the focusing I needed in my life to understand how stable relationships and happy families are built. I proposal to take this knowledge and pass this on to my own children some day, whenever I decide it is time to take that close step forward with my life. My mother worked as a social worker and my father was a patrol officer. They raised me and my siblings in an extremely value-oriented household. I was taught from an early age to respect others and in any case to respect authority. My parents also raised me with a deeply-held belief in social responsibility. It was not enough for my family and for me to live in the earth without actively causing harm to anyone. I also needed to do something that bettered my community and improved the instauration around me. As a result of these teachings from my parents, my two brothers followed in my fathers footsteps and became police officers for the urban center of New York. However, I wanted to do something different with my life and my career than the rest of my family. I had proficient enough of a rebellious streak in me that I felt it was necessary to leave floor and try something new. However, this rebel lious tendency was not enough for me to let go of the values my parents had taught me. As a result, my career choice was to join the military, which is a value-oriented career but one that was very different from anything my parents or siblings had ever done. I thought the military was a perfect choice for me, since I could expand on my existing skills and beliefs while seeing new places and experiencing all kinds of new things. For my first year after rudimentary training, however, I felt that joining the military had been a huge mistake, possibly the biggest mistake I had ever made in my life. I was a child of the urban environment where I had grown up. organism displace to places like the farming community out in rural Texas, the location to which I was earlier deployed after training, was a major shock. I missed being surrounded by all the exercise and the bustle of the city. I felt like there was naught for me out there, surrounded by nothing but mountains and empty desert all the way to the horizon. I also missed my family members and the closeness I had shared with them during my childhood. My parents and siblings all still lived in New York City. In fact, most of them still live in the neighborhood where I was born. I rarely had a chance to see them. At that time, joining up with the military seemed like the worst thing that had ever happened to me. Unsurprisingly, during my time in the military I was sent overseas to serve in Iraq. I completed two tours of duty there. It was an experience that I go away never be able

English class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

side of meat class - Essay ExampleThus, the article finds that a general apprehension exists that video games cause idle behavior in children. However, the article challenges this contention as it does non seem tenable, though it concedes to the notion that to a certain extent, video games may impact childrens behavior.The article focuses on the premise that video games shoot a lot of violence, bloodshed, objectification of females and sexual content. However, it emphasizes a more significant concern that viewing experience in the media, in terms of audio visual components, are extraordinarily life like, and these effects can be particularly striking in raving mad games (1). It also concedes to the fact that despite the existence of rating systems by the ESRB, children disregard the classification and even those below 13 years watch the content that is permissible to those in the age group of 17. The article also refers to research studies that lend credence to concerns about th e impact of violent video games (3). However, this does not prove that games such as GTA cause violent behavior in children. The article, further, challenges this image by arguing that there is little or no evidence to support any of these theories which offer that violence in the video games such as GTA can provoke violent behavior in children (2).I believe that exposure to violent media or video games alone cannot make children to indulge in violent behavior. My research premise is based on the concept that many factors such as inherited framework, social circumstances, psychological reasons etc cause violent behaviors in humans. Therefore, children who possess any such specific traits or who remain exposed to any of the causative elements, stand the chance of displaying violent behavior. I do not agree with the evidence based on a study among 1254 students, which indicates that violent games cause aggression in children. It claims that those who play games are more likely than their

Biochemistry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biochemistry - Case Study ExampleThis lactate is normally takes back to liver where it would change back into pyruvate and glucose through process of gluconeogenesis. This glucose is transferred back again muscle and the cycle is completed. In the process of reconversion of glucose six ATP molecules are consumed and hence there is net button of 4 ATPs in one cycle. (Nelson 2005).If this whole process was to occur in muscle only, than there would be excessive loss of energy and muscle wasting just as it was seen with the patient in clinical presentation. There would be net loss of energy instead of production and lactic loony toons would ultimately start accumulating in the muscle causing lactic acidosis. Moreover, ATP consumption would be faster than its production, some ADP would in addition be converted into AMP which is ultimately lost in urine and all these are signs of inveterate fatigue syndrome or mitochondrial disease. ( Sarah Myhill 2009).A hypothetical defect in pyruvat e dehydrogenase or Isocitrate dehydrogenase or -Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase can forestall increase in ATP generation beca wont these enzymes produce NADH in citric acid cycle which is alike to 2.5ATPs. Moreover, Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency can also cause this defect since it produces FAD which is equal to 1.5ATPs. These enzymes can greatly hurt the production of ATP through. The concentration of NAD+ is maintained in body and it is reconverted and regenerated through other biochemical procedures that occur inside the cell like citric acid cycle (Nesbitt V 2011). NADH and FADH2 from citric acid cycle get used in electron transport chain and undergo oxidative phosphorylation where they use oxygen and converted ADP into ATP by using a molecule of phosphate as well. This is how citric acid products are converted into ATP.Coenzyme Q10 plays a central role in oxidative phosphorylation of cell. It has a very unique role in electron transport chain and is basically lipid water-so luble and maintains the proton

Globalization and the World's poor Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization and the Worlds poor - Term Paper ExampleThough world(a)ization caused major affirmatory changes in the economy, society and business, it has also been argued that globalization increased the numbers of poor manhoodwide. This piece of research make-up presents a brief analysis on various theories of globalization and explains its impacts on worlds poor. judgmentual Framework and forces of Globalization Globalization is the process of social, political, cultural, economic and technological integration between countries. From the economic smudge of view, globalization refers to the increasing interdependence between national economies, business enterprises and markets. The term globalization refers to the intensification of world-wide social and economic relations that link distant countries or regions in a way that local happenings atomic number 18 mold by event elsewhere. Salvatore (2005, p. 17) argued that globalization is inevitable because of that consumers ar ound the world are increasingly demanding results and services to converge their requirements. Firms are to outsource parts and components from wherever in the world and they must invest their capital and engine room wherever they are highly productive so that they can remain internationally competitive. The major foursome driving forces of globalization are detailed below 1- Global Market Forces As and when enterprises globalize, they too find global customers and this increases the potential for global markets. Hill (2004, p. 6) noted that globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and insulate national markets in to one huge global market place. Due to globalization, people across the world have gained access to quality goods and services from aboard and companies were forced to seek materials, engineering and labor from otherwise countries. A company that goes global requires purchasing of required materials and therefore it becomes a customer of another company. The concept of globalization of market state that markets are globalized since enterprises that went global required to meet specific as salubrious as common requirements of its customers and hence they too became customers of foreign markets. The underlying concept was that the tastes and preferences of people in divers(prenominal) nations were to converge on some global norm and thereby helping to create a global market place. 2- Global Cost Forces Dornier, Ernst and Fender (1998, p. 77) emphasized that globalization has also been driven by the comparative cost advantage of some countries in various inputs to the manufacturing process. Raw-materials, labor and technology are major inputs and they are often cheaper in some countries as compared to that of some other countries. Reducing unit costs and get through economies of scale is a management goal. Globalizing products and services is one means of achieving such economies of scale so that labor costs c an be reduced. 3- Technological Forces Technology changes almost everyday and this has tremendously been impacting the pace and intensity level of the business. A business that can use latest technology for manufacturing and marketing a particular product will be more able to meet customers requirements as their tastes and preferences are largely influenced by the technology advances. Using latest technology thus has become an integral part of global strategic climb up for achieving sustainable

What are the legal and the social standing of women in the early 1800s Essay

What are the legal and the social domiciliateing of wo custody in the early 1800s - Essay congressmanThis paper will discuss the legal and the social status that women had during the check of 18th century, especially centre on the early years of the century. Body The status of women during the 18th century can clearly be understood through the theory of power, dominant and non-dominant class of George M. Fredrickson (Fredrickson, n.d.). fit in to Fredrickson there is a dominant sort out that avouchs and controls all the rights and they do not offer these rights to different individuals of the society and this group thinks that they are superior to other individuals of the society. Similarly women during the 1800s and before were recognized as weak by men as men were the the great unwashed who formed the elite group and represented the dominant class. During the 1800s men worked in jobs where they were the producers of goods and services and women and their children stayed hom e. During the 1800s century, the myth was that women were weaker as compared to men and did not have the ability to conduct work that adoptd intellectual and muscular power. This created a view that working in organizations was very hard and the role could only be conducted by women. During this period, the house servant chores such as taking care of home and making food were assigned to women and men were manifold in labor that required both mental and physical fitness such as hunt and plowing. (Welter, 1996). The task that women conducted was quite heavy in nature but they were not realized as tasks that require strong physical and mental health. The main task that a woman had during the 19th century was freehanded birth to a child and they used to remain busy in this task for quite a long period of time. In the 1800s the majority of the population of America shared a belief that women were fain towards religion and they were thought of as individuals who would work with God and will ensure that the world is free of disgust through their love which was categorized as pure and full of passion and suffering. Religion was found to be the best associate of women as they could easily practice it within the boundary lines of their homes. No woman was allowed to stand against or not practice religion and those females who did so were treated in a negative manner. Women were passing regarded for their purity and sex before marriage was seen as a curse and an illegal form of activity. According to Thomas Jeffersons concept of cultural assimilation those who had less power and rights should accept the norms and cultural set of those who were dominant in society. Thomas Jeffersons theory of assimilation can be applied to the men and women of the 1800s. This is because men had more resources and they were the dominant ones, so the women who had fewer rights and were the non-dominant ones had to accept what their husbands had to give to them and comply with the d emands of the husbands of that period. During the early period of the 19th century women even had an inferior status according to law. Those females who were used to give up own identity and all the assets owned were transferred within the control of their husbands. The US law was even based on the idea that man had similar ownership over his wife and children as ownership of property. Fathers used to mend decisions and law directed women to obey their husbands decision. Later during the 1830s and the 1840s certain changes to law were made. One such law was the justice law that focused on giving equal rights to men and women. During the era of 1839, a woman legitimately had a right to sue her husband and

The relationship between unequal democracy and uneasy alliances Essay

The relationship between unequal democracy and uneasy alliances - quiz ExampleScholars argue that politicians respond to the needs of all voters because of their desire to win elections. Paul contradicts this view by expounding on the economic gap that politicians create among Americans based on racial and political affiliation. He further explains that American politicians spend a great deal of resources and time on the majority who ar white voters, at the expense of the minority black voters. The theory intimates that the two-party governing body in unite States is responsible for the current state of affairs. Frymer argues that the establishment of the current party system distances the American minorities concerns from political agendas (Frymer 26). The system continues to limit opportunities for black Americans politically. Several American presidents facilitate this political isolation by distancing themselves from the needs of the African Americans. In addition, the Republ ican Party, which dominates most of the white populace, concentrates on the needs of the white voters. Frymer comp ares the black voters position in the American politics with that of minority social groups such as lesbians, gays and Christian right. According to Frymer, uneasy alliances are powerful challenges on how Americans view the relationship between democracy, black voters and political parties. The theory compares the impact of sundry(a) political parties on the livelihoods of the black voters. It reveals that the Democratic Party establishes a close relationship with the African-American voters man the Republican Party relates well with the white voters.

Technology Solutions for Human Services Paper Essay

Technology Solutions for Human go Paper - Essay ensamplefield of Human Services is broadly defined, uniquely approaching the objective of meeting human inevitably through an interdisciplinary knowledge base, focusing on prevention as well as remedy of problems, and maintaining a commitment to improving the overall quality of life of service populations. (National Organization for Human Services ,2009)Technology, having its roots in the application of science, can be termed as the type of knowledge that involves the implementation and outset of the technical METHODS AND the way these methods correlate with everything surrounding it such as life, society and the environment. The implications of technology have last a norm in present day world. Men and women alike do not jibe the passing of any of their days without the involvement of technology in it. If it is said that children born today argon born having the spoon of technology in their mouths it would not be incorrect.The ad vent of technology has greatly amend the everyday living standard of every man in our society. The use of technology brings serious and haunting changes in just about anything concerned. The states of some phenomenon with and without implementation of technology are poles apart. Technology brings influence and enhances the usability. It is the incumbent need of the day to incorporate technology in every aspect of life.Technology has been considered as a vital tool for assisting human service. Execution of a number of human work can be made much easier as the implementation of technology has delivered solutions to quite a number of problems that the human services departments are facing the world over. An attempt to classify the problems being faced in the human services facilitates of an organization has been made below. Furthermore, it is discussed that how can technology be used to address the problems being faced.Community growing is the process whereby social services are p rovided for the betterment of humanity on the

Small and medium enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

secondary and medium enterprises - Essay ExampleAn SME should give the primary importance to alliance and strategic partnerships at both local and global levels in order to join on the productivity. This exit give a huge shape up to the yield to cost ration which is the most decisive factor in any SME as they be required to fulfill some business rules and rules to survive in the emerging stinting world of like a shot (Nelson & Prescott, 2003). The paramount reason behind these success criteria is the fact that in the ever increase global economic scale, the SME finds itself being in some tightened conditions thus experiencing jeopardy and limiting factors in the economic growth. Alliances with some partners go out not only give them important horizons and resources to get a global exposure but it will also expand the business opportunities to increase the profit and lifetime of the business initiative. A very noted concept in business studies known as transaction-cost theory should be followed in order to increase the certainty level of the success of the partnership (Yasuda, 2005). This theory illustrates and suggests that the SME should make alliance with a partner that loafer minimize the sum of the fixed and continual costs throughout the business process. The famous example in this case can be taken that of Austria economy which enjoys almost 99 percent of the SME initiative which were at the start partnership based. (OECD, 2005). Similarly, the other success criteria are limited target marketing because e increasing the target market at the start.

Capstone Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Capstone musical theme - Coursework Examplerimary objective of this trading plan is to describe the confederation, present the market analysis, highlight the market strategy, and qualify the implementation strategy. The marketing plan provide also present financial statements and projected financial comprehend for the first year of operation.The mission of cypress Workforce Training is to take a unique and in advance(p) approach towards providing educational services that help employees and fresh graduates connect their classroom education to study requirements.1. To ply high quality, experienced, and professional workers to condescension entities that currently rely only on the formal academics, and are outlay excessive resources to train employees for short-term contracts.1. Cypress Workforce Training intends to develop methods of approach that links workplace requirements and classroom teaching particularly in solving ethical dilemmas and dealing with cultural and beha vioral diversities. This is vituperative to the success of the business because employees will develop self-adjustment mechanisms to enable them fit into the workplace regardless of widespread diversities.2. The company will create effective marketing strategies that can reach as many people as possible. Reaching a variety of people will increase demand for the companys services. Cypress Workforce Training will benefit from increased number of customers in terms of profitability and sustainability.3. hearing to the requirements of the clients and striving to institute their needs and proposals into training programs will be vital for the success of the business. Success of the business is founded on principles of quality service provision. Quality implies tailoring the services to meet customer satisfaction. This implies that the institution will operate in accordance to the customer demands. Meeting customer needs and requirements will guarantee business growth and sustainability .Cypress Workforce Trainers will work under the industry of

The Effect of Excessive Alcohol Consumption Research Paper

The Effect of Excessive Alcohol Consumption - Research Paper warningThe researcher states that excessive alcoholism verses performance among college and university students literature contains results of many research projects that were contacted over a completion of time. It is evident that the total number of such emergences is quite overwhelming, although this does not mean that all the pertinent publication were reviewed, though none of those that were applicable and useful to this work were excluded intentionally. Difficulties that were encountered in review of literature are an set out to develop the relationship between the two parameters. Initially there has been an attempt to quantify the existing relationship between the heavy alcohol consumption and life frustrations, as well as cigarette dope and alcoholism by a wide range of researchers. According to AKsir & Charles Boston Coalition Baer Core Institute, showed that ground on the DSM-IV-TR, the addiction to alcohol is characterized by various behavioral, psychological and physiological elements. The commonality of these studies is that alcohol is characterized by incidences of recurrent alcohol intake, which is accompanied by the failure to fulfil roles and responsibilities, such as domestic and furrow responsibilities. Secondly, this study showed that addiction is characterized by increased use of alcohol in the situations that are considered to be physically hazardous, for instance, driving under the influence of alcohol. In other independent studies Babo, Borsari and Carey found that alcohol aversion is excessively characterized by the increased encounters with legal problems. This study, as well showed that alcohol abuse is also characterized by the go along alcohol abuse, even when victims are aware of the inherent problems such as domestic squabbles that they cause. In notwithstanding another study, Bailey, Fiore, and Cohen carried out a research on co morbidity and noted that alcoh ol abuse is associated with adverse health risks and social consequences relating to the alcohol intoxication, dependency characteristics, as well as its toxicity. Reporting on the treatment of Alcohol abuse, among college students, APA.

Database Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Database Management - Research Paper ExampleIt is essential to have a go at it the techniques of entropy modeling and implementation in order to draw effective information. And this is possible only for a well modeled data. The tutorial presents real life scenarios that a participation might face from the clip of its initialization to the time when it has let go of certain high salary employees in situations of crises e.g. limited company finances. The tutorial teaches how big organizational level decisions can be reached upon by executing a unsubdivided query on the database and extracting the exact subset of information relevant to a particular decision e.g. generating a itemisation of employees with a particular range of salaries. This example merely gives an introduction of how statistical analysis can be conducted on large scale databases. Having relevant information aids in making better decisions. And relevant information can only be acquired through effective data model ing and implementation. The tutorial covers altogether the three aspects that are considered while adding a data base functionality to a company data modeling, data storing and data accessing.

Impact of Globalisation on Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Impact of globoseization on Toyota - Essay Example globalisation has played a major part in the publication of automobile industry and Toyota has been a leading name in the industry which has also been impacted payable to globalisation. The paper will discuss and explore the characteristics or issues of globalisation along with its impact on Toyota. suppositional Framework globalisation does not work any definite or specific definition. According to Vogel (2010), Globalisation is known as the domination of the world economy by multinational companies. Free trade policies and practices have enabled these large corporation entities to operate their business globally further influencing world economy. Capitalist nations have been largely benefitted by globalisation. Trade and multinational companies have been highly benefited as a result of globalisation (Vogel, 2010). Globalisation has influenced the political as well as technical environment of the world. However, globalisation can be termed as practice of trading among the nations through the operations of the internationally operating corporations. The exchange of goods and services were possible as globalisation enabled these companies to operate in various nations facing minimum friction (Martin Frost, 2011). The effect of globalisation was marked after the World struggle II. The monetary and corporative movement was highly noticeable after the World War II which can be marked as increasing tread towards globalisation. The advancement of technology, establishment of sunrise(prenominal) organisations along with introduction of legal policies and establishment of legal systems are highly responsible for globalisation to extend and develop. The characteristics of globalisation has... This research focuses upon Toyota that is considered to be amongst the largest car and vehicle manufacturing companies. The telephoner operates its business in a global market and industry where intense competitions ar e observed. As a result of globalisation, the industry the company deals in is facing many emerging potential competitors from various nations. The advancement of technology has created huge demand in the markets. The advancement of technology has allowed better productions which are gaining demand in the market. Toyota has incorporated advanced technologies in the ferment of its manufacturing goods. Although, the efforts applied by the company need to be enhanced to cope up with increasing pace of globalisation and upgrading of technologies. The company needs to be actively involved in advancing the technologies it incorporates in manufacturing its goods. As the company is globally renowned, the expectations of the customers would grow with the expansion as well as increasing impacts of globalisation. Toyota is recognised as an environmental friendly company. This has contributed in its image globally, adding to its brand image gaining company goodwill. With the help of various i nstitution strategies accommodated by the company, it has been able to operate well in multiple nations. Being a Japan originated company, the company has been able to generate maximum of its profit from various European nations and the US as well.

E-Logistics and International supply Chain Management Essay

E-Logistics and International give Chain Management - Essay ExampleThe international supply chemical chain is a medium which initiates the global trade. The information technology relies heavily on the use of internet. integration the technological advancements will lead to the development of e-logistics (Stank, Keller, & Daugherty, 2001). The activities which describe the key logistic functions allows the followingThe chart shown supra explains that logistics deals with the order processing, inventory management, transportation, facilitation networks and warehousing which includes material handling and packaging. The management of all the components and elements for supporting logistics and supply chain function is essential for smooth running of the system (Flint et al., 2005). The details of the elements are shown below.The logistic management is the company between the suppliers and customers. This includes management of raw materials, in-process inventory and management of t he finished goods. The management is responsible for planning, implementing and controlling which include customer satisfaction, demand forecasting, inventory management, procurement, packaging and warehousing etc. The inputs into the logistics include natural resources, human resources, monetary resources and information resources (Flint et al., 2005). The outputs of logistics include the competitive advantage, time utility, efficient supply or movement to the customers and inclusion of the proprietary assets. The overall goals associated with logistics management are ensuring that the customers are satisfied and damage can be minimized. Managing the quantities, goods, places, time, condition and cost are the features why logistics is managed (Fugate, Mentzer, and Stank, 2010).Information flow within the system is the tool which makes it dynamic. This requires that the information, communication, cooperation and trust of the individuals are synchronized. With the masking of the internet and

General Safety and Security Essay Example for Free

General Safety and Security Essay* Investment in surveillance camera systems by school districts ensures parents and guardians that the general safety and hostage of children are being addressed during schools hours and at all outside extracurricular activities and programs.2. Crime Deterrent* The presence of highly visible surveillance cameras at strategic locations in buildings and public areas/premises of a school property prevents theft, vandalism and acts as a deterrent to thieves and criminals from craziness in illegal activities.3. Sexual Predators* One of the biggest threats that school children face is the threat of sexual predators and pedophiles hanging well-nigh unobtrusively on school campuses or in parking lots. Camera systems footage is very useful in tracking down predators or helping inform police about threatening situations in solid time.4. Prevent Bullying* New-generation surveillance camera systems have audio, voice and sound capturing capabilities. Teen agers bullying or harassing another(prenominal) students can be disciplined based on video and audio footage records.5. Emergency Evacuation* schoolhouse security personnel manning surveillance camera systems in real-time can take quick satisfy about evacuating children, faculty and staff in case of emergencies related to fire or other potentially dangerous situations.Prevent Theft and Illegal Activities* The primary purpose of installing surveillance cameras is to act as deterrence to robbers, criminals, petty thieves and unscrupulous elements from indulging in theft, illicit and criminal activities. Security cameras are installed in bungalows, townhouses, apartment buildings, condominiums, schools, university campuses, offices, stores, malls and other public areas. These cameras monitor suspicious activities stop theft, vandalism and shoplifting and alert stationed security officers about real-time thefts. Staff monitoring cameras and centrally manned systems in large businesse s can in any case inform county and state law enforcement officials about developing dangerous situations.

Symbol for Advertising Essay Example for Free

Symbol for Advertising analyzeIn communicating, advertisers have a thought to sh atomic number 18 with their audiences. The exact thought or message pot only be sh atomic number 18d if oneness of thought is achieved. The difficulty is that thought cannot simply be picked up and placed in another persons head. Thus, a communicator must select some symbols or sign that twain sender and receiver can go through the same thing. Businesses, groups and individuals use hallmarks, logos and symbols to generate brand cognizance in public forums. It ordain easier for raft to recognize a product, business or individual by simply associating them with their trademark. Sign, symbols, and Logos are a graphic mark or emblem commonly employ by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition. Sign, symbols, or Logos are either purely graphic or are composed of the name of the organization. Sign, symbols, and Logos have been employ for thousands of years all around the world. Numerous inventions and techniques have contri besidesed to the contemporary logo, including cylinder seals (c. 2300 BCE), coins (c. 600 BCE), trans-cultural diffusion of logographic languages, coats of arms, watermarks, plate hallmarks and the development of printing technology.The most successful logos are best described as being ones where the actual sign doesnt even need to be specifically noticed, because when throng see a product or group they will instantly associate that product or group with their trademark or symbol within their own minds. However, for an emblem to be considered as one of the most placeable marks, it would have to be easily identifiable by pile the world over. While there are millions of symbols being used worldwide, only a handful of them can be considered truly universal and placeable by individuals from around the world.The example of advertising uses sign or symbols to communicate advertising massage i s Nike. In 1964, Nike originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by partners Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman in collection to distri neverthelesse a line of Japanese track shoes called Onitsuka Tiger, but as this relationship was force to an end the comp boths name was changed to the world famous Nike. By 1971, Nike was preparing to open its first interpose baring its new name and the famous Swoosh logo that was designed by J. B. Strasser.Through a well-managed combination of advertising, marketing and endorsement deals, Nikes Swoosh became known throughout the world as the attracter in sports apparel and sports equipment the world over. Nike swoosh logo is one of the most favourite logo in the world. People just see the swoosh logo and they will know that is Nike because they dress many advert that speak to the entire genre. In Nikes advertisement, they usually have famous athletes apply Nike equipment such as shoes, shirt, and shorts. For example, they rent Tiger W oods to be a presenter of Nike golf, or choose Torres to be presenter of Nike football.However, Nikes advertisement can impact consumer because they will value that they will nobble sports better if they are using Nike product. This is because they saw their favorite athlete using Nike product and said that these products rack up them better. They might miss understand that to be a great athlete must work knotty not just have goo equipment. Nikes advertisement comes with a nice slogan fair do it. This slogan is a well know slogan and usually comes with Nike swoosh logo. This slogan affects people around the world.The acceptable thing is that this slogan inspires people to do something that they never do it before or want to do it but scare to do. This slogan can change consumer mind and make them arise to do something benefit for them. It is a good thing for society and inspires many people. Nikes advertisement like any other businesss that requires interpretation. Some of thi s reading goes on at the conscious level, some unconsciously. As opposed to extremists on either side of the interpretative question, I fall most nearly to the constructivist saddle of view in that I view meaning as interplay between text and the reader.Chandler writes, Texts are wide-eyed of indeterminacies which require the readers active interpretation. We must draw not only on our knowledge of language, but on our knowledge of the world. Thus, readers of advertisements bring with them a surface knowledge of the language as well as a set of preconceived ideas about how to relate the ad to them. Advertising work on a variant of dissimilar levels including, but not limited to sign typology, paradigmatic meaning, psychological appeals, emotion, billets, values/beliefs, and knowledge.The impact of an advertisement comes from the interplay between these various aspects of make-up and the readers own notions about them and the world. For example, the stamen Test Your Faith in Nike advertisement, the readers find themselves squeeze into the schema of religious worship. Not only must the viewer literally look up to the clearner, but also they receive the imperative to Test your faith. The runner pictured appears in the midst of a run and rests easy in the knowledge of his own god-like attention to fitness.Likewise, the runner has no identity beyond his role in the ad. We cannot see his face but it giving him an added element of the unknown divine. People feel cowed face from a subordinate position at the figure of the runner in his element. The text implies a right away connection between exercising and religious questioning. The writers seem to suggest an element of transcendence possible in exercise, as well as the need to continually question who we are in relation to our gods and what we stop most sacred. For the runner in the ad, exercise is the object of sanctity.The reader might inhabit a different role by placing themselves as the runners in the ad itself. Transported from reading a magazine to the middle of a run, filled with the sensual pleasure of using ones body. The readers identify themselves as the taster of faith and finding the sinlessness of exercise within the soul. They can accept a measure of hearty self-congratulation. With the statement that Nike tries to capture the displeasure and even the moral force of sport and reify it in Nikes product, consumers can begin to understand the ideology that goes toward selling Nikes product.Tying into the religious matrix once more, Nikes become iconic signifiers of faith, own(prenominal) health, and social inclusion. Nike proffers cultural belonging, the promise of individual athletic achievement, and dreams of parity with the worlds greatest athletes. Operating on a series of different levels of human understanding, Nikes advertisements actively seek the emotional response necessary to sell shoes, but more importantly, to propagate and sustain the fitness culture. Wha t Nike did with their advertisement is clever because they can both selling products and stir people in the same time.However, there are many products that use this technique of advertising in the wrong way by making consumer change their mind misunderstand the ability of the products. For example, some drinking chocolate products in Thailand said in their advertisement that if you want to have a good shape, drinks our coffee. Consumer will think that this coffee can make them thinner and have a good shape, so they will taint these products. This is one kind of advertising fraud and the government should stop these kind of advertisement that make people misunderstand about the product.What these coffees can do when people drink it is only to make people prepare and make them full. So, it might help people to have a good shape but people needs to know that in the advertisement no only know that drinking these coffee will make them in a better shape. Moreover, they needs to tell c onsumer that people cannot have a good shape by drinking these coffees without exercise and control their eating. The government should focus more about the latterly meaning of the advertisement so people in Thailand will not misunderstand by this theatrical role of advertisement.

Tesco Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tesco Case Analysis EssayThe ski tow of Tesco, from a mediocre super merchandise comp whatsoever into an outstanding, world-class, multi-faceted organization, has been a remarkable matchless. Since 1929, when Jack Cohen opened the 1st Tesco store, the company has seen dire growth and success. Customer centric approach, which has been adopted by the company since its very inception, on with strategic great deal and innovation under the leadership of CEO Terry Leahy has been some of the underlying factors of Tescos sustained success. Leahy was the clothes designer of the idea The Tesco Way, which included the companys core shelters, principals and goals among other things and which aimed to establish Tesco as a Value retailer. Right from the concept of store formats to the investment in information technology to the variegation of products and gains, Leahy emphasized on innovation in all aspects of business. The Tesco Clubcard, which was first launched in 1995 to analyze c onsumer purchase information and target appropriate promotional offers, increased customer loyalty by leaps and bounds.Tesco created incompatible formats of stores to cater to the different segments and different needs of its customers. Tescos strategy to gain international presence through expansion has been one of the cornerstones of their success. The company expanded in countries of Eastern European and in emerging economies of Asia and in all these countries it aimed for market leadership ahead of geltability and base their strategy into such distinct elements which led to sustained growth. being flexible and unique to each market, acting local, maintaining focus, using multiple formats, developing capabilities and building betrays were some of the strategies utilise to form a long lasting relationship with customers. The fact that Tesco strategically added naked as a jaybird products and services in its portfolio worked to its advantage. In addition to its popular in s tore feed for thought and beverage selection, Tesco diversified into financial services, telecommunication services and travel services.The launch of Tescos online grocery store made the company, Britains largest online store. So to add strategic vision, innovation and lasting customer relationship has helped Tesco to become the most dominant allele UK retailer and the ternary largest retailer in the world. Tesco had all the technical know-how, expertise and experience needed to succeed in US retail market. The strategy the company adopted while expanding in international markets is very over a lot applicable to the US retail market as well. Tescos policies of acting local and catering to local customers and cultures along with leveraging the brand value of the company to attract customers are of prime importance if it has to succeed in US. Tescos decision to enter the U.S. market as new and mild was very feasible and based on sound theory, research, and projections. However, the companys expectations did non translate into similar performance. Based on precedent research, the company had identify a geographic niche market in California, Arizona, and Nevada where there was no dominant player.Tesco had even sent employees to live with 50 families and conducted 200 focus groups at one of the companys facilities. Despite prior unsuccessful attempts by other British companies to enter the U.S. market, Tesco presented a compelling lesson regarding its ability to penetrate the U.S. market in California, Arizona and Nevada. Overall, Tesco did not enjoy the success it had anticipated because it did not account for cultural and perceptual differences between the U.S and Europe. Although Fresh and sluttish was right to include a higher(prenominal) percentage of produce in its stores, many other strategies found in Exhibit 12 from the case, credibly prevented additional sales and growth. For example, presenting a merchandise mix comprised largely of store-lab el brands combined with an everyday low determine strategy likely caused American consumers to perceive Fresh and prosperous as lower in spirit and overall value.The consumer could go to a competitor and purchase a more familiar name brand on-sale from a larger selection of items. Other strategies for which success did not translate from the U.K. to the U.S. were the overnight inventory stocking s intercept off and the carrying of fewer items than traditional grocery stores. As seen in Exhibit 12 from the case, typical American consumers suffice fewer pictures to the grocery store per year than do their counterparts in the U.K and Europe. If an item is out-of-stock one day, the American consumer is much more likely to visit a competitor than come back the next morning as is customary in the U.K. Fresh and well-offs value proposition was the sale of fresh, healthy food that the majority of people could afford and catering to an increasing consumer interest in wellness, in heal th-conscious food choices and a continuing trend towards on-the-go consumption. Also of value was the feel of a neighborhood market where customer service was superior and employees genuinely enjoyed their work.These elements are very appealing to consumers in Arizona, Nevada, and especially California, where healthy, green living is a growing trend and the average commute time spent in a car is much greater than in other parts of the country. The move to open stores in the United States was a promising plan on paper. Tesco also had the financial resources to build a successful operation in their new target market. Their actual performance, however, either fell below the expected performance or was of negative value in almost every metric (Exhibit 1). The main areas in which Tescos financial performance were evaluated were tally of new stores opened, revenue, and boodleability. The number of Fresh and Easy stores opened in the US was 145 at the end of 2010. The expectation was to open 200 stores by February 2009. Fresh and Easy had only(prenominal) generated $30 million in targeted sales versus the expected $100 million in the spring of 2008.In the year 2008, Fresh and Easy had a loss of 62 million and it yielded a clear margin of -308%. Even though the profit margin increased the following years, 2009 and 2010, it was still a negative profit margin. The cause of Fresh and Easys poor financial performance had to do with a slow growth of the operation. An operation is only able to grow from the sales that it generates, especially in the introductory phase. The only way that Fresh and Easy would be able to meet its objective of opening 200 new stores by February 2009 would be to take away almost all stores in the brisk operation be profitable. This was not the case as profit margin was -308% in 2008. Fresh and Easy also faced high fixed costs by maintaining their distribution center, which has the capacity to service 500 stores. This resulted in excess ca pacity. The cause of their poor sales come was the fact that they were pricing too low.The average Fresh and Easy customer spends only $15 per visit versus $41 for the customer of an average supermarket. To be profitable, Fresh and Easy stores need to get at to the lowest degree three multiplication the volume of an average supermarket. Both of these factors were drivers for Fresh and Easys negative profit margin in all three years of its operation in the United States. We have identified some of the causes that Tesco could control regarding its financial performance. They began their operation, however, in the midst of an sparing recession. There is no doubt that any economic recession would decrease overall demand. Food items, however, are a necessity regardless of the economic state of the nation. Tesco should have been more proactive during these times by expanding store locations and being more fond to consumers.The lease costs and new store construction tend to be lower du ring these periods of economic hardship. more than Fresh and Easy locations would result in increased accessibility and ultimately more sales. Their low prices during times of economic hardship would drive more customers into Fresh and Easy locations as they would stray away from their pricier existing supermarket and perceived quality becomes slightly less of an issue. Tesco has a great product line with the Fresh Easy chain opening in the US. This chain caters to the healthy food trend emerging in the US and is in direct competition to Whole Foods, the more expensive alternative. Perception is reality. To the consumer, Fresh Easy has not lived up to its name. Tesco should make the stores greener so that the look of the stores interior matches the brand image.Consumers who purchase healthy organic food want to feel like they are shopping in an environmentally conscious store. In addition, Fresh Easy offers a limited assortment of goods that are unfamiliar with US consumers. In exhibit 12 from the case, data shows that consumers visit Fresh Easy stores less frequently than its competitors. This is because competitors have weekly sales on familiar brands that US consumers want. Fresh Easy should stock familiar brands to get US consumers in the door. at one time the consumer is in the Fresh Easy store, free samples and direct price comparison with well-known US brands should go against Fresh Easy brands an advantage.

How does work Guide the Development of the Self Essay Example for Free

How does work Guide the Development of the ego Es positIn mans existence today, various concepts exist which if learnt and adhered to, can change the really quality of life itself. This is admirably conveyed by Emerson in his essay on self cartel and withal deduced from chapters seven and eleven of Thoreaus book on Walden. In chapter seven, the author narrates the story of an impoverished sodbuster who toils on his farm from sunrise to sunset, while in chapter 11, Thoreau dwells on the qualities of the inner person. After reading these essays, ace is convinced that the most important attribute in life is that which is gained from knowledge of our true being as intended by the creator.Beginning with Emersons work, self trust is shown to be the key to self corporate trust because mans true nature is that which is within him. We be all individuals in the eyes of providence, each with our own place which we must(prenominal) learn to accept and respect. It is only when we exer cise self trust in the abilities given to us, that we will be able to im rebel as human beings. The author goes on to say that when we cultivate a respect for ourselves, we reject that which is external and which we spend every waking moment spirit for. What is important is not the acquisition of material wealth, but rather, internal ghostlike wealth.It is only when we place our organized religion in GOD, who is the most trustworthy and sits in our smell, that we gain self trust. He then works through our hands and predominates our beings. When you are in conformity, this undercuts your self reliance because it scatters your forces, and the real you cannot be detected. You tend to do things as everybody does. It is therefore important to be your own individual and your uniqueness will be evident. Consistency, on the former(a) hand, enslaves us to our pasts because we are constantly judging our present with 2 tandards from the past. We fear to be contradicted by our peers and are therefore less and less self reliant.Self reliance is evident from the bean field chapter of Thoreau because the granger was rewarded for his hard work with a harvest of twelve bushels. He did not have the benefit of ripe farm implements or labor, yet he loved his work and was rewarded for it. This is a demonstration of self reliance born out of necessity. Instead of discouragement at the prospect of toil, the farmer confronted the ordeal happily and with spiritual calm.Additionally, he gained much more than m one(a)y. He earned the respect of his neighbors, confidence and experience from his work. John handle is another impoverished farmer who has a wife and a family to feed. Unfortunately, he is in a bunk where survival dictates that he works for a wage as someones employee. For this very reason, he cannot be self reliant. Additionally, in order to change his lifestyle, he faces the prospect of being unable to afford the necessities of everyday life, for example, tea, coffe e, meat and clothes.He also seems unable to find the time to contemplate his spiritual benefit which may help him look at his life afresh. However, the concepts conveyed by Thoreaus higher laws can prove invaluable to him. One of them is that, Man flows to GOD when the channel of purity is open. This means that Fields must seek GOD who will give him an inner calm. This will enable him to identify that for which he is take up suited to do and treat himself with respect. Additionally, he will be able to find that which identifies him as an individual, thereby helping him to excel.The kind of wealth that is described in Emersons wealth essay is very conflicting to John Fields understanding. According to Emerson, wealth is the application of mind to nature. This requires that one draws a benefit from the labors of the greatest numbers of men, and also do what his creator intended him to do. Unfortunately, Fields is a laborer who is sedulous on a wage. He does not even understand the concept of business, let alone get down to fathom how he can employ others.Additionally, he may be in the wrong life and needs to re-evaluate it if he is to enjoy the fruits of a better lifestyle. When Frederick Douglas goes to the north, he discovers that work, unlike in the south, is done with self-esteem and actually creates wealth without the need for slave labor. It also dawns on him that freedom of the mind is the perfect training ground for economic progress, which he sees in even former slaves. Additionally, with a free mind becomes the adventure of improving the intellect through reading.The common thread running through these readings is that the mind and spirit come first before the body. Nature can only be conquered by the spirit and the best representation to enrich the spirit is by accepting that GOD has a purpose for each and every one of us. He has given us individual qualities which we must strive to nurture. We must recognize these qualities and use them j ibe to his will. If we do not see the advantage within our hearts, then we will, as individuals, continue to move in a crowd, and our uniqueness will not help us or humanity. Wealth is first and foremost, that of the heart and spirit.

Impact of Social Class on Australians’ Life Chances Essay Example for Free

Impact of Social Class on Australians lifetime Chances EssaySociologists will define secernate as categories in the confederacy which argon based on income, status, or the way they are witnessed by the society. A Marxist digest on the separate perish features on the level of influence an individual has on the means of production. Matthews (2007) further defines a capitalist air division which he says that it is the family unit that features and controls most of the productive capital in the society. He says that in Australia, this class amounted to 5 % of the entire population in the year 1998. Theories have been demonstrable about class that has resulted to numerous and inappropriate ideas and researchers had to shift from using class as a theoretical framework for research. The dismissal of class analysis of various societal institutions as dogmatic, and ideological direct McLaren Farahmandpur to state that matters of class power are sanitized and its powerful ef fects on the life chances of on the job(p)-class students is denuded or made invisible, (Pearce, Down Moore 2008, para. 2). In Australia, about two thirds of the population is in the working class.These are people whose only productive asset is the ability to work. They sell their labour power to their employers who can range from the state, individual capitalists among others, in order to earn a wage which will enable them make reverses meet. A nonher popular class is the middle class which can be said to be composed of individuals who own sm all told businesses. They rely on their own labour power to produce output. They are however being driven away and into bankruptcy by large capital firms.There still exists the ruling class they carry more social freight and power than the rest of the citizens. They have a direct influence on scotch policies being developed in the nation. They support politicians and government, politically and financially. The state can withal be cate gorized in this class as it is responsible for making and apparatusation of the law (Matthews 2007). Impact to Education There exists inconsistency in the regain of university reading, undertouchment in education correlates negatively with the social class.Children from low-income families have limited access to educational resources. Their parents seldom get enough time to help them with their day to day challenges at school as they are so much occupied in their work places. They work even over time in order to sustain their families. Some parents in the working class lack education and therefore they would be of little help to help their children in doing their homework, they would also not be in a come in to afford employing tutors and this affects their childrens education (Taylor Fraser 2003).Expectations on the working-class students are that they should conform to the middle-class. They thus seek to hit this status and power mostly not for their own gain but in order t o ameliorate the life chances of others in the similar background. They are more focused in giving back to the residential district in which they originated rather than seeking their improvement in form of class status. A strong grit of solidarity is evident in these students as they have an increased desire to use their qualifications and professional status to achieve a better life for themselves and others who are like them.They have a passion to bridge the commotion between the two classes which they believe that a lot has still to be done as the in equateity gap is too large (Lins-Dyer Nucci 2007). The discriminatory education system has unquantifiable damages that are done to individuals and the society at large. People have been left behind in the system, others have been discouraged while to date a quite strong proportion has been excluded from the system. It would not be unrealistic to claim that social and economic damage is being done through educational discrimina tion.When Professor Janet McCalman analysed the places where those in the Australian whos who 1988 went to school, it was tidy up that these leaders in business professions and politics went to the older private schools (Moorhouse 2010, p. 1). McGregor (1997), views being in the working-class as being equal to being underprivileged, he asserts that people in this class earn and own less, their access to life privileges is minimal as they have poorer education and other goods from the society.In general, the opportunity that they have for good life is such minimal that with a very small degree of error, we can claim that equal opportunity does not exist in Australia. Impact to Health It is no wonder that wellness outcomes unfeignedly vary with the social class. The characteristics of different social classes can be depicted by a view on Morbidity and deathrate rates. The lower class shows a greater array of lower mortality rates and greater wellness problems (Greig, Lewins White, 2003). These differences are very clear and distinct at birth and passim the human life cycle.Henry (2001) identifies domains in which health disparity issues differ by the social class. They complicate psychological domain which contains norms habits, and behavioural intentions. The other is listed as behavioural constraints which entangle economic resources and situational effects. Physical influences that include physiological stress, genetic dispositions and environmental conditions Behavioural constraints involve barriers that embarrass one from engaging in health promoting behaviour. These inhibitors are listed by Henry (2001) as economic resources and situation constraints.Economic resources inhibitors are financial limitations that prevent individuals from obtaining health facilities goods, while situational constraints are movers that limit the access to these health facilities. They range from lack of nice health facilities in the community, poor transportation or la ck of proper time management in the service program of such services. Physical influences on the other hand are the conditions which impact physiological health directly. He groups them into environmental conditions, physiological stress and genetics A decline in the health is observed as one move down the classes.The middle classPublic awareness and educational programs can be developed to ensure that health equality is maintained. Social class has taken a critical superman in the studies of health, the coronary heart disease for instance had been considered as a disease for the upper class. On the other hand, the lower class (working-class) have been found to have prevalent lower life expectancy, high mortality rates and increased mental disorders. Inequality in income brings about psychosocial stress which is a factor that increases the mortality rate it has become apparent that mental illness prevalence has been found among the working class.A direct relationship has been ide ntified to exist between poverty and increase in emotional disturbance. This has led to an increase of psychiatric disorders, drug and alcohol dependence on the working class (Murali Oyebode 2004). According to The human ecology of Medical Schools, 59% of applicants in medical school usually come from high social classes. This makes us suspect that a discriminatory rule is being used in the medical institutions. However, admissions procedures in these schools have the appearance _or_ semblance to favour certain social classes in comparison to others.Requirements such as previous experience in a hospital are being considered for some medical school administration. This curtails the number of students enrolling to such schools as it proves cumbersome to attain such qualifications for most people in the working class. The access to opportunities has been limited for some(prenominal) students and this explains the reason why such patterns of students enrolment are being reflected (Th e Medical News 2004). The nature of the working class has really changed in Australia with over 65% of the work force being employed in the skilled jobs.In fact if by defining the working-class as those who have not accompanied university education, then it can be said that Australia has graduated to the middle-class. It is surprising to note that the vast majority of white-collar jobs holders are part of the working-class. They have less control of their work which is even lower than that of blue-collar workers, therefore implying lower wages (Castles 1994). It is very clear that in Australia class has direct consequences on lifestyle. It affects the access to education and status attainment.A child raised in middle-class is more likely to end up in this middle class and the trend would be similar for a child raised in the middle-class. As we move up the social class, we are able to meet better health, education and other social facilities, which are transmitted to children. The trend thus seems to be perpetuated to future generations. A research conducted by Taylor and Fraser (2003) indicates the existence of a gap between children living in the different classes. The working class end up having stress in Parents relationships as they are unable to provide impeccable opportunities for their children.Children have in fact confessed that class is a factor that lead to social seclusion in academic life, and a contributing factor for educational disadvantage. Lifes chances are in this case affected by the mere fact that one belongs to a certain class that is either favoured or not by circumstances that prevail in the society. In Australia the government together with other institutions should be concerned and implement policies that would narrow the gap that exist between the various social classes.Such policies should focus on issues of adequate family income which will ensure that families have adequate resources to cater for the needs of their children and provide adequate opportunities for them, the welfare of workers should also be taken care of to ensure that each worker gets adequate time to attend to the family needs. In the school setting, policies should be developed to ensure that educational disadvantage has been reduced, and the cost of public education to be maintained as low as possible, to offer equal opportunities for children in all classes.Affordable assistance should be accorded to specific children with learning difficulties in order to enhance excellence at all levels (Taylor Fraser 2003). proof In conclusion it is very clear that Australia is faced with inequalities and other factors that enhance or inhibit opportunities that are available to children growing in this nation. There exists a challenge which should be looked at by all the policy makers in private and public enterprises, in order to ensure that the life chances of the children are not affected unfairly by the mere fact of belonging to a certain class .

Henry David Thoreau Essay Example for Free

heat content David Thoreau Essay henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) was an American writer and philosopher famous for his rude(a)istic and anarchical ideas as well as his adherence to the movement of mysticism. Thoreau was a vegetarian, processively stood against slavery and struggle, and was angiotensin-converting enzyme of the first who supported Darwins theory of evolution. Among his humanityy kit and caboodle, the best known argon his essay, Civil Disobedience, a proclamation against unjustness and an urge for individual opposition to genteel government, and the book Walden, where Thoreaus reflects his personal experience of financial backing simple life in natural environment. Although these works, like many others of Thoreau, are considered transcendental and had been published ages agone, the ideas and concepts they contain may still at some point be link up to the issues we may face while living in the twenty-first century. In worldwide, the core of transcend ental vox populis is a faith into a perfect spiritual state of mind that transcends both verifiable and physical. It can more thanover be realized through the persons intuition, not through the doctrines of any existing religions. Therefore, it is quite a philosophy then a religion.The transcendentalism was makeed on principles that are transcendental, i. e.based not upon sensual experiences but upon inner feelings and empirical, spiritual essence of a gentle. (En. wikipedia. org) American transcendentalism was chief(prenominal)ly tyrannical in the first half of the 19th century, encouraging to abandon our mundane human beings, establish close family between human and personality, and to concentrate on ideal existence through spiritual abundance and self-reliance. Henry David Thoreau was admitted as a co-founder of this movement not only for his great thoughts on transcendentalism, but also for his empirical ideas and personal practice of his beliefs, which was greatly illustrated in his most famous book, Walden.The book firstly released as Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854) was later widely recognized as genius of the best non-fictional works of American authors. Living amidst woodland that belonged to R. W. Emerson, his friend and another founder of transcendentalism, near Concord, Massachu primpts, in the small plain self-built cabin, Thoreau mainly aimed to isolation from society for its better, more objective understanding. He stayed there alone for almost ii years but kept receiving and returning visits. For example, he often went to Emersons huse for mel and converstion.Moreover, as he indicates in the book, the cabin was located at the edge of town, not in the wilderness, even not far away from his family home. Therefore, he focuses readers attention on the richness of humans closeness to the nature, self-reliance and meditation. The book combines Thoreaus autobiography with a criticism of society, to wit American consumerism, phili stinism, and nature destruction, the issues still common in our century as well. Such experiment of cut-off living was do by Thoreau for special purposes.First, he tried to escape the negative effects of the Industrial rotation through keeping agrarian lifestyle. Interesting fact, the experiment was of a temporary character, and in the book Thoreau strongly advises his readers to avoid repeating it. Thus, anyone who studies Thoreaus works has to keep in mind that at some story they should be approached philosophically rather than understood literally. Second, the writer wanted to practically experience the main transcendental belief that every individual can transcend from normal to divine by means of nature itself.Like other members of the movement, in the Walden Thoreau, for example, speaks about Vedic concepts to illustrate his vision of the nature. I lay mess the book and go to my well for water, and lo There I meet the servant of Brahmin, priest of Brahma, and Vishnu, and Indra, who still sits in his temple of the Ganges reading the Vedas, or dwells at the root of a tree with his crust and water-jug. I meet his servant come to draw water for his master, and our buckets as it were grate together in the alike(p) well. The pure Walden water is mingled with the sacred water of the Ganges. (Thoreau 221)At some point, Thoreaus attempts to promote the ideals of transcendentalism may seem to be impractical and rather inapplicable. In fact, after an in-depth digest, Thoreaus ideals may even waitress infeasible, namely his appeals to ascetic way of living and refusal of common human needs. In the scope of critical thinking, impossibleness to follow the idea of living without any blessings of civilization is rather obvious. The average American who lives in the 21st century can hardly imagine him- or herself without Internet connection, using cell-phones, driving cars, or termination to supermarkets. Nevertheless, it is possible at certain degree.Moreover, due to global ecology problems, it even may become requirement for each of us to refuse some advantages of our daily welfare for the great purpose of saving the world from environmental catastrophe. For this reason Walden, as well as many other Thoreaus works, is frequently quoted by specialists who work in various fields and are concerned with the environmental problems of the Earth in general and in the USA in particular. While the whole issue of bad ecology becomes more and more crucial, Thoreaus idea of simple life in the forest turns out to be not as unsuitable as it seemed at first glance.It is important to mention that Thoreaus works on natural history is a great anticipation of findings and methods in the fields of ecology and the history of environment, which later became main sources of nowadays movement of environmentalism. In the book Earth Rising American Environmentalism in the 21st atomic number 6 we read that some 150 years ago, transcendentalist Henry David Thore au, sitting in his tiny cabin on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, was already mourning the loss of the wilderness and the debilitating effect of industrialism on the human spirit. (Shabecoff 16)Thoreau significant influence onto the entire concept of nature saving and conservation is unquestionable. In the get together States the movement expanded in the 1800s, out of concerns for protecting the natural resources of the West, with individuals such as John Muir and Henry David Thoreau making key philosophical contributions. Thoreau was interested in peoples relationship with nature and analyse this by living close to nature in a simple life. He published his experiences in the book Walden, which argues that people should become intimately close with nature.The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism. The conservation movement is a political, fond and scientific movement that aims t o protect natural resources, including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future. Chiefly in the United States, conservation is seen as differing from environmentalism in that it seeks to preserve natural resources expressly for their continued sustainable use by humans.In other parts of the world conservation is apply more broadly to include the setting aside of natural areas and the active protection of wildlife for their inherent value. (En. wikipedia. org) Because of Thoreau and his associates public became truly concerned about the nature, the world we live in. He can definitely be called a pioneer ecologist. Numerous contemporary movements and organizations prove the actuality of environment problem and therefore significance of all Thoreaus works related to nature preservation.For example, his vision of the environmental issues in the 19th century became a ground for the book From Walden to Wall Street Frontiers of Conservation Finance written in the current times. Why do we invest in conservation? Why do human beings invest their time, energy and financial resources in protection of land, plants, and animals? We invest in conservation because it is an flavor of our faith in the future. Conservation investment is an expression of our faith in the future of natural systems that are essential to life on Earth.It is an expression of our faith in the future of deeply loved natural wonders. And it is an expression of faith in the future of our families and communities whose lives forget be immeasurably enriched by the living world that we are striving to sustain. (Levitt 3) Here is one more evidence on how outstanding were the Thoreaus works and what a great impact they made and still do. In Walden he included a famous aphorism that in wilderness is the preservation of the world.Thoreau kindled the Wilderness Religion that found fertile ground in America and provided a spiritual basis for conservation. In The Main Woods (1864) Thor eau called for the establishment of national forest preserves, helping to set the stage for the National Park movement. (Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature 6) Despite of the fact that Walden is considered by some critics a failed experiment, the issues raised in the book are still of current importance. As 21st-century people, for instance, we suffer of consumerism and globalization, with their negative honorable aspects.Thoreaus prophetic a contendeness of them is amazing, they are as relevant now, as they used to be in his century. He rejects consumerism, its adverse effect on society with its status stratification, and still teaches us lessons vital for our pick and progress. Another kind of ideas Thoreau often promoted in his works are related to anarchism and civil disobedience. Thus, let us shift our attention to this theme of Thoreaus writings and discuss how those fit in the American vantage point of the 21st century.In his disobedience to the American low of his times he was as prominent as in his attempts to bring humanity closer to the nature. He certainly was a key figure in the American radicalism. Disobedience was the main point in his endeavors to justif morl anrchism and to encourage each individual to act on the basis of their personal judgments, their personal opinion about the very justice rather than civil regulations. Unfortunately, Thoreau offers nothing instead and relies of his personal snse of justice, which is univrsal.Here is the historical background of the essay. Civil Disobedience is an analysis of the individuals relationship to the state that focuses on why men obey governmental integrity even when they believe it to be unjust. But Civil Disobedience is not an essay of abstract theory. It is Thoreaus extremely personal response to being imprisoned for breaking the faithfulness. Because he opposed slavery and because tax revenue revenues contributed to the support of it, Thoreau decided to become a tax rebel. He was arrest ed and imprisoned.It was short as a one night but has had enduring effect through the writing of Civil Disobedience which has exerted its powerful military force over time. (McElroy 2) In accordance with Thoreaus ideals, the government of his days was far from perfection due to Mexican-American war and slavery expanded in the US. Therefore, the essay was written as anti-slavery and anti-war protest soon after the wars beginning. Thoreau later wrote about governmental justice. If it is of such a nature that requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law.Let your life be a counter friction to stop he machine Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also prison. (Thoreau 259) In the essay the author urges American citizens to show their disagreement to government by passive disobedience without acts of power. Such form of protest was later used by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King who initiated movements fo r social changes. Thoreau was emphasizing the importance of acting upon the persons ethical and moral beliefs.According to Thoreau, unjust law exists shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we rive them at once? This urge to disobedience is in tune with the message of Walden. Those who are not genial with the society should not obey its norms, and neither wait until the norms are changed, nor until the majority joins them, but live check to their own believes. Personal values should be compared to the ones of the contemporary society, and unless they comply, stick the voice of sense of right and wrong.Thoreau also said that it be me less in every sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the state, than it would to obey. I should feel as if I were worth less in that case. (Thoreau 258) In fact, many of the issues pinpointed by Thoreau 150 years ago have not yet been overcome by the American soci ety, and that strikes the most. He hated its slavish materialism as well as commercialism and believed that the state should never rank above the individual conscience or the business of living.But if the state demands a persons first allegiance by asking him to violate his conscience and participate in an injustice, the person should disobey not through violence but by removing his cooperation. (McElroy 3) Thoreau foresaw many issues typical to the modern American society. Over 150 years ago he predicted the crisis, spiritual and moral, that now corrodes it. The writer still begs us to slow down our hectic lives, to review our values, and to live in harmony with our consciences. He repeatedly talks about the possibility to establish a society where the justice is appreciated and the beauty of the nature is preserved.

Planning and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Planning and Decision fashioning EssayPlanning and last-making are critical processes for effective police administration because (1) planning is the first tone of voice to the effective operation and good management of a police department (2) planning is the essential component of decision making (3) effective planning can eliminate or reduce potential misfortune resulting from manmade and natural disasters (4) decision making can usually be described in three types of conjectural models rational, incremental, and heuristic none of which defines all of the elements and factors that affect every decision(5) the decisions individuals make during crisis situations often define their flowership abilities and, in some cases, their career success (6) police administrators rarely act alone and nearly decision making within a police department is conducted at the group level and (7) decision making is rarely perfect, and is often marred by individual and group weakness that can be set and hence, avoided. (Swanson, 2012)Yes I agree on my topic with what the author is talking about, because planning and decision making from in the flesh(predicate) experience is very big. Making decision is very stressful at times that will lead to depression that comes with giving up and frustration that might makes you uncertain of making the best choice. Planning is the most basic function of management. It preceded other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determination the objectives and selecting courses of exercise that will lead to the achievement of predetermined objectives. I dont like to plan because I get over my head, and too excited and cant wait for the day to come.

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example for Free

Young Goodman Brown EssayThe theme of change and break preoccupies the minds of writers through the centuries. They use a change as a technique in ramble to bedeck transformations of the characters. Both, Raymond Carver and Alice Walker turn to the theme of change in their works but they do it in a different way. Two stories, Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Alice Walkers Everyday make use of approach the theme of change from different perspectives. Alice Walker depicts the way the nonion of the hereditary is changed for different generations. She come outs how stark naked-fashioned girl, who leaves her native place for a big city gradually changes and how her recognition of her origin and hereditary changes accordingly. In this story two ideologies, presented by Dee and her mystify, clash. The author depicts how traditional attitude to the family values and customs, represented by Dees mother, is opposed to Dee, who presents a new vision of the history, c onditioned by the liberation movement. Dees mother does not change and represents the lifespan of all generations, who stand behind her.She follows her path and offer not accept new attitudes brought by Dee from the big city. Dee does not loose her ties with her native land and her hereditary when she leaves her parents house. She only gets new perception of them. Dee changes a lot and her attitudes changes accordingly. Visiting her home, she asks her mother to hang the babys dummy on the wall in order to manifest her attitude to the history of her people. Her attitude changes dramatically because she did not want to take the same quilt with her when she was leaving her home several years ago.Her mother does not want the changes to occur. She treats the quilt as an atom for everyday use. As she states, God knows I been saving em for long enough with nobody victimisation em. I hope Maggie ordain put them to everyday use (Walker, 16). Despite we can see that the mother and her daughter have very different ideas about the ways the memories about their origins should be kept, we still can not reject the fact that they both care about this past. Dee has another vision and her vision reflects the spirit of the epoch and new attitudes brought by the changes in the mentality.Young Goodman Brown was written in the year 1835 by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story brightly depicts the Puritan baseball club of the seventeenth century. Nathaniel Hawthornes style is ambiguous he doesnt transmit his message directly. The most mysterious event in the story is Goodman Browns trip to the night wood. This journey completely transforms Browns personality because in the forest he meets with the turned side of his personality. The Black Mess in the one-sided forest points not only to the hypocrisy of the society and religious authorities but also to the dark part of the personality.Its his own hidden dark side, which Goodman meets in the forest. Once the listener fancied that he could distinguish the accents of towns-people of his own, men and women, both pious and ungodly, many an(prenominal) of whom he had met at the communion table, and had seen others rioting at the tavern (Hawthorne, 114). The author uses the Black Mess to show the part of personality people try to hide not only from others, but also from themselves. smart knowledge, which Goodman Brown achieves in the forest will change his perception of himself and other people forever.The changes, which occur to Dee in the Walkers story reflect her true attitude to the reality and most probably will last for a long time.Works CitedWalker, Alice, In Love and Trouble, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, inc, 1973. Shuffelton, Frank. Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Revival Movement. The American cabalistic Quarterly 44, 1979. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown, 1992 Walker, Alice. Everyday Use. Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. Comp. Thomas R. Arp. New York Harcourt Brace College, 1994 .

My Best Friend Essay Example for Free

My Best Friend EssayEveryone has a friend with whom you feel analogous sharing every moment of your life. I am lucky that I found one .We flip known each other since I was in grade 7. To me, he is really special boy. not only does he has a good appearance, he also has a good personality. He is suffer and handsome. However, the thing that makes everybody like him the most is his personality .He is perpetually very positive, cheerful and modest. Hes one of the best learner in my crystallize. Hes good at every subject, but she never showed pride in his abilities and always attempt to learn harder. Besides, hes always ready to help her friends in their study. Thats why many people in my class cherished him.Furthermore, he is very warm-hearted and friendly .Though he is bit antithetical from every guy I have met so far, he fails to express himself most of the times , apart from this he is very caring, kind, and makes friends selflessly. Moreover, to me, he is a great friend w ho always knows how to take care and share. Whenever Im sad or cheerful, happy or in sorrow, hes always next to me to share with me. Sometimes, I get into trouble, which makes me tired , worried and discouraged, he is always willing to precipitate beside me, help me calm down, give me helpful advice so that I can come over. Not only that, he is very reliable, I can share my secrets with him without a bit worries. He is really a person who always listens to me, understands me every time and every where, though he has different attitude to tackle things. Thats why he became my close friend. I always feel proud because of having a great friend likes him on my side.

Reusability of Code Essay Example for Free

Reusability of Code EssayDesigning a ordinance can often beget a lot of time, depending on the complexity of the coding. This is why code reusability has become a standard when it comes to data processor programming. But to understand why you would re engage code, you need to understand what goes into creating code. This essay will compare and course procedural programming modules and objects. Also, it discuss the security terms in hiding code, passing of data versus data encapsulation, code reuse in much than one program, and how object-oriented methods are similar to procedural modules. According to Gaddis (2010) on that point are two methods of programming that are primarily used Object-oriented and Procedural. Procedural programming is more cerebrate on creating procedures object-oriented programming is focused on creating objects. When dealing with procedures, the data items are separate from the procedures. Gaddis (2010) says this can casing problems, but at the sa me time it will help the program become larger and more complex. But where procedural programming separates code and data, object-oriented programming handles it through encapsulation and data hiding.Encapsulation takes an object and combines data and code into it. Data hiding makes it possible to hide code in the inside of an object from the code foreign of the object. An object normally hides its data, but leaves the methods available for access. Gaddis (2010) states, When an objects internal data is hidden from outback(a) code and access to that data is restricted to the objects methods, the data is protected from accidental corruption. in that location is also no reason to worry about formatting of the code inside the object, just the methods of the object.If you wish to reuse codes, the best way to do it is to create modules. They let you duplicate code in a program so that you can execute whenever youneed the service. The Microsoft website (What Is Reusable Code?, 2013) sa ys that code reusability can be used if the code doesnt have to modified, and can perform a specific service no matter of what the application uses it. It just can be too complex of a code. Just as we use standards in everyday life, there are standard code that is used with computer programs. Venit and Drake say (2011) that hereditary pattern goes along with code reusability. Inheritance takes the methods and attributes from old classes and uses them in new ones.In conclusion, there are disparate aspects between object-oriented programming and procedural programming. These two methods have different ways of functioning within a program. And as long as a code isnt to complex, code reuse is very possible.ReferencesGaddis, T. (2010). scratch Out with Programming Logic Design (Second Edition ed.). Addison-Wesley. Microsoft. (2013). What Is Reusable Code? Retrieved from msdn.microsoft.com http//msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/aa189112(v=office.10).aspx Venit, S., Drake, E. (2011). preliminary Programming Concepts and Design (Fifth Edition ed.). Addison-Wesley.

Security Within International Relations

certificate Within International trafficWithin the supranational system at that place is a disagreement on whether credential should focus on the item-by-item, national or international basis. In this essay the concept of warranter from some of the different perspectives within International Relations pass on be discussed.The hegemonic surmise of International Relations is realism, it is similarly central in the debate about certificate department. Throughout the Cold contend the concept of security was dominated by national security, and mainly come to with military capabilities. Since the end of the cold war the flavour of security has begun to change, with many other security stretch outs coming to the for front such as tender-hearted security which encourages policy makers to think about international security as much than the military defence of a states interests and territory.(Paris 2001) The judgement of homo security is to shift the central argument to the debate on security apart from states and to focus on panics to tender-hearteds within the states. Outlined will be some of the threats facing military personnel security but similarly the debates that surround its concept, and whether it should be a part of the International Relations discipline. alike within this essay environmental change as a security issue will be discussed. There is mounting evidence that suggests that we be in danger of undermining all of our own individual security and also on the larger scale that of national security, and international or global security bail is a copulation freedom from war, coupled with a relative high expectation that defeat will not be a egress of any war that should occur.(Bellany 1981)This traditionally defines a realist perspective on what security is. Realism has its foundations in philosophies of Thucydides and Machiavelli the strong do as they will, the weak accept as they must. Realist theory is based on the state of ana rchy within the international system. States are independent units in a former struggle against other states. With no overriding authority the state is the main actor in the international realm, therefore states clear to gain power. For about realists power is the defining feature.(Collins 2007) Power is gained by structure up the military and securing your land and the threat of from other states. States are rational actors also and will barely make decisions on the basis of their own capabilities of achieving the best outcome for the state. Realists assess other states power relative to the statement of their military capabilities. Realists motive to keep a status quo and a balance of power, during the Cold War the nuclear weapons face off amid the USA and USSR was realism working in the system. Although there was placeholder wars in Asia during this time it was relatively stable otherwise on the international scale because of the balance of power being exercised. Security has been seen as a priority obligation to the state governments.(Baylis metalworker Owen, 2011)The introduction of modern/structural realism and that of Kenneth waltz arounds Theory of International Politics (1979) sees a real shift in the realist theory. Waltz argues that states accommodate two options of acquiring power and defending itself from attack, unmatchable is to balance the state with others and forming alliances with states also so they have more resources to draw on, this is cognise as external balancing. Two is that of internal balancing of the states frugal capabilities and formation of bigger military forces. (Waltz 1979)This competition between states, which is a source of a lot of conflict, is known as the security dilemma (Baylis, Smith and Owen2011). The fact that some states may cheat limits cooperation because realist believe that states are fearful that others wont engage honestly and that cheating is al shipway a possibility. States are only concerned with relative gains rather than absolute. Relative gains are gains that are higher than that of the state you are cooperating with. With absolute gains there are only the benefits of cooperation and mutuality between states. Realism does not see this so much as an advantage, as mentioned before the chance of other states cheating to maximise their own gains is high this nooky protract to a mistrust between states . States are sovereign political units and are not prepared to engage in long term accommodation or co-operation.(TTSRL,2007) Realism as explained is state centric, and believes in the desire of self help in the struggle for power and survival in the international system. This is a intend concept of security as around security issues happen within state instead of between states realism does not take responsibility of securing the people within the state. This opens up the realm of human security.The neutral of human security is to safe guard the vital core of all hu man lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfilment .(UN Commission on adult male security 2003)Human security is a concept that emerged in the early 1990s with the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin palisade a in the raw era for international relations had begun. Human security wanted to engage and expand the security agenda. After the cold war the emphasis on human rights and humanitarian intervention was seen because of the interpenetrate of democratisation. (Baylis, Smith and Owen 2011) This meant that if a state was violating human rights the international community could intervene. This was a huge step that allowed to the idea of human security to really unravel, it showed that threats could come in a variety of ways and we needed new ways to combat them. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) reveals that there are four features to human security. star is that it is a universal concern, that it affects everybody, two the components of t he concept are interdependent, three human security kindle be ensured by means of early prevention and four as already mentioned the referent object has changed from states to people/individuals.(UNDP 1994) The types of threats that human security engages are quite broad from the physical safety of an individual to their psychological well-being.(Paris,2001)Freedom from want or freedom from fear, this has been part of the debate surrounding the concept human security. Freedom from want is refers to a non-military threat more to the point of poverty, environmental degradation and disease. Freedom of fear refers to the more traditional types of hazard like that of armed conflicts. Within these conflicts the insecurity of child soldiers, landmines, or any other violence against the individual. What is its elemental focus? According to the Human Security Report 2005 it is both, they overlap. The report recognises development as a prerequisite condition for human security and that s ecurity is a condition for human development. (Human security report, 2005155) The direct consequence of armed conflict is that of death and injury. The cost of life associated with the conflict in the pop Republic of congo let it be direct or indirect surpasses the casualties sustained by Britain in the first and blurb world wars combined.(UNDP 2005A12) The outrage at this is that the victims of these recent wars are mostly civilians and many of these victims are women ,children, elderly and the sick.(gendering human secuity200118) Child soldiers are still a major issue in armed conflicts today. In one study 75% of armed conflicts involve child soldiers (human security report, 200535). This is quite alarming and is against the human rights of the child. as well as the fear of landmines a cause of great insecurity, there are 80 million that still have not been detected and that someone steps on a landmine every 28 seconds, and 80% of those wound or killed are civilians (Keohler .S 2007). These are very serious threats against humans and leaves populations living in fear of conflicts that can have devastating results. Wars affect women in a different way. Women become the victims of rape torture and internal slavery. Recent conflicts use rape and torture as an instrument of war to measure fear and control. During the 1994 race murder in Rwanda estimates of 250,000 and 500.000 women were raped, nowadays this crime is recognised as one against humanity. (Rhen.E Sirleaf.E.J 20029) Women also get caught up in human trafficking, or forced to work in the sex trade and this can result in women being degraded and exploited during times of conflict.Armed conflict may be the cause of awful acts of violence on individuals but it can also create bigger lines in non-violent threat to human security. Poverty, hunger and outbreaks of disease in recent times have become the bigger part of the problem and are much harder to combat. These indirect consequences of confli ct can undermine nutrition and public health and also has huge implications on the livelihoods, education and the prospects of economic growth (UDNP 200512). Diseases that include AIDS/HIV, avian flu, malaria, and tuberculosis have enormous effect human security. AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa and forth worldwide, this daunting detail signifies the need to incorporate pandemics into our thinking of freedom against want. The displacement of people during conflict may also give rise to such pandemics. The security issue then becomes borderless and can result in more conflict and more loss of life.War also can cause detrimental effects on the environment create large scale pollution of the land or air. The consequence of this can radio link disease and malnutrition straight to armed conflict, the UNDP declare that most of the 3.9 million people who have died in the Democratic republic of Congo is imputable to disease, spread by the desecration of the environment during the conflict (UNDP, 200545). This effect can be felt in areas for years after a conflict (e.g. The use of Agent orange by the USA during the Vietnam war). Environmental degradation can also lead to a scarce enumerate of resources such as food or water consequently resulting in some sort of conflict. Human security as discussed is an array of concepts under the one heading, its hard to pinpoint yet when you are in the face of it the security issue is unmistakable. To try and secure everybody is ridiculous but the need to understand where the most vulnerable people are and try to help and secure them in the international realm is most important.We need to revamp our entire concept of national security and economic growth if we are to elucidate the problems of environmental decay. Falk 1971185Environmental security is one that over shadows all issues of security from national security to that of individual security. Climate change, the roots of it in human activities, is a fundamen tal challenge to all and the proportions of the security threat are essentially affecting everyone and everything. Climate change may lead to the aggravation of state conflicts due to the lack of non- renewable resources such as oil and gas. The affect that environmental change has on weather is other faction to be taken into consideration it can affect crop growth whether through drought or extensive rainfall. This can lead to food shortages and has become a global issue for leaders worldwide. There is no part of international relations the environmental problems do not potentially affect and has become a subject of high politics and has been discussed at G8 summits and meetings of political leaders (Baylis, Smith and Owen,2011) . Globalisation has been associated with the important issue of environmental security and how the international system will contend to broadcast with it has brought the approach of cooperation between governments back to the attention of international p olitics. Globalisation has also been to blame due to the job on earths capacity to sustain the consumption levels, rising greenhouse gases and resource depletion. This global environment troth posed to international theory will create a different view of international cooperation and another concept of security.The conclusion reiterates security is a contested concept and that a new wave of translation it is here. Security in the international realm is something of a challenge and really depends on what perspective you link it to. For realism its all about national security of the state, power, self help and survival in the international system. Whereas for human security and environmental security the concept can be quite intertwined with conflict causing danger to human security and in turn affecting the environment which becomes cyclical and returns to affect individuals again. The aforementioned(prenominal) can be said for climate change as it is predominately us who are to blame and it is us who will have to deal with the consequences. In short we have to try and secure this planet for futurity generations otherwise all our other security issues are a farce in the face of what could step to the fore to a mammoth security problem.