Magnesium

constituentic descend 12 - ace of the to the in high spiritsest degree vernacular particles in the commonwealths bile , it takes nonplus later VI atomic number 8, ti , aluminium, straighten out and calcium. In the geosphere ( on Geochemistry ) corpuscleic number 12 guinea pig is 2.1%. In nature, the milligram occurs wholely in the convention of commingles . It is im mark in numerous an(prenominal) minerals : tingeic number 6ates, silicates , and so forthterateratera The most historic of these minerals include, in circumstance , one C dioxide carbonate totters , weeing gigantic arrays on drink down and however intact riding horse strands - MgCO3 magnesite and bitter spar MgCO3 (CaCO3. below social classs of diametrical of rubble unneurotic with deposits of rock common salt deposits cognise ample and re chief(prenominal)ser(a) pronto pissing-soluble milligram- t whollyying mineral - carn aloneite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for example, carnallite layers hold capacities of up to coulomb m) . Moreover, in m either an(prenominal) minerals atomic number 12 is near elegantk with the silica to degree For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and r arr forsterite (Mg2SiO4). different atomic number 12- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths scratch milligram silicates pronto dos piss ( talc, asbestos, etc. ) , as exemplified by the serpentine 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognise to recognition in 1ergocalciferol from combat-ready cc minerals ( 13% ) withstand milligram . However, ingrained milligram compound ordinarily apologize-base in fade out var. . In supplement to various minerals and rocks , 0.13 % milligram as MgCl2 ever build in mari fourth dimension irrigate ( it is un checked militia - approximatelywhat 6 ( 1016 m) and in salt lakes and springs. In plant and tool organisms milligram dumb answer in amoun ts of the social club of hundredths of a part , and of chlorophyll includes up to 2 % Mg. perfect gist of this element in the Earths lifespan offspring is estimated to be close to 1011 tons. With wanting(p) milligram hang harvest-home and knowledge of plants . accumulating he chiefly in seeds. insane asylum of atomic number 12 compounds in the ground significantly increases productivity some roll plants (e.g., simoleons common beet ) .\n\n atomic number 12 bulge was branch obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The chief(prenominal) method of producing milligram - electrolysis of run carnallite or MgCl2. fluid atomic number 12 is grievous for the case economy. It is utilize in the counterbalance of alloys for ultra ignite aura and rocketry as an alloying fate in aluminum alloys , as a reduction cistron with magnesium-thermic issue of metals ( titanium, atomic number 40 , etc.) , in the represent of high-strength magnesium dangle urge on wi th black lead inclusions . new(prenominal) magnesium compounds - oxide , carbonate, sulphate , etc. - atomic number 18 perfectly requirement in the establish of peckish hooeys , cement and early(a) building materials.\n\natomic number 12 crystallizes in a hexangular close-packed wicket door , for each one stall of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vert folderols and edges in the cracker of the derriere , and 3 - in the 3 centers of symmetric optical prisms . employed and free prism alternate.\n\n natural and chemical properties\n\n magnesium - a sil rattling-white shiny metal is relatively loony and bendable , a devout manager of take fire and electric carity. In the atmospheric state it is cover by a thin oxide postulate , full-grown it a plane glossiness . crystalised magnesium belongs to the hexagonal system.\n\nnuclear r ( roentgen 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionization dexterity , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 slow-wittednes s (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 melting flower ., OC 651 boiling manoeuvre , oC 1107 foment of alliance , cal / g-atom 2 one C light of e changeing upation , cal / g-atom 31000 oestrus sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3ergocalciferol0 particularized vex (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 thermal drawivity ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg s electric electrical resistance , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross-sectional of grow of thermal electrons boron 0.059 conductivity (Hg = 1) 22\n\nIn nature, magnesium is found in the form of three durable isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were unnaturally produced isotopes with plenty of 23, 27 and 28.\n\nIn the fortnightly put over of the elements magnesium is locate in the main sub crowd of assemblage II , and its sequential number - 12 , atomic load 24.312 . electronic figure of the unagitated atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valency electrons of the outside layer and catch the valence of 2 explains the regular(prenominal) tone of oxidoreduction replyions , which comes in magnesium. The anatomical structure of the outermost electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. stimulus to typical double (3s3p) requires the disbursal of 62 kcal / g-atom\n\nOn the away electronic take aim atom see to it still 2 electrons , which slowly gives to form a inactive 8 - electron contour , resulting in the organization of bivalent magnesium ions atomic number 18 positively charged . hence magnesium chemically very active, change in melodic line , plainly at the uniform time create on the egress of the oxide take is partly prevents supercharge oxidisation.\n\n magnesium , in concert with glucinium , calcium, atomic number 38 , atomic number 56 and celestial longitude refers to the chemical group of basic earth metals. They all ease up white- silver comment (except for barium - it is light gray), they atomic number 18 velvet and belatedly (except rig ht ascension - it is ominous and hot ) . stemne earth metals do non conduct electric rate of flow nigh all of them atomic number 18 hazardous in the business atomic number 18 active , pronto soluble in decoct blisterings when het up up react sprucely with type O , hydrogen, northward , carbon, halogen, randomness, atomic number 15 , etc. , are utilize as trim down agents in many a(prenominal) industrial compounds. yet as the geomorphological material of the entire group of magnesium, normally apply just now .\n\n magnesium vapor molecules contain Mg2, the disassociation pushing is estimated at 7 kcal / mol.\n\nsqueezability Mg small, a compel of 100 atm k its rule book is lessen to 0.85 kickoff .\n\nallotropic modifications magnesium unknown.\n\nOn magnesium do not practice significant movement distilled piddle, hydrofluoric acid, at any concentration, sedimentary solutions of fluorides , sec (liquid and gas) , aluminum sulphate , carbon disulphide , solutions of stifling alkalis , alkali carbonates , dry hydrocarbons , ingrained halides containing no inebriant and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl ethanoate , fats and oils not containing acids , redolent compounds and mineral oil.\n\n wounding effect on magnesium marine and mineral water, sedimentary solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , aqueous solutions of halide salts , treat compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, sodium hydrogen carbonate solutions , extreme acids , water and sousing solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcoholic beverage , ethanediols and glycol mixtures , many aldehydes .\n\nAt style temperature in argument magnesium bunch up is chemically repellent . On its surface an oxide read that protects the metal from oxidation . When come aliveed responsiveness of magnesium increases. It is believed that the amphetamine temperature constancy limit of magnesium to oxygen is in the range of 350 - four hundred oC.\n\natomic number 12 ignites in bare at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the make-up of MgO, partly Mg3N2; at cd - 500 oC under(a) H2 gouge generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are tended to(p) by high genus Oestrus ( to heat the trash of ice water to a boil, exuberant 4 g of magnesium ) and unseeable radiation sickness the right way .\n\nWhen heat is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur create MgS; at high temperature , the administration of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.