The Cell Essay -- essays research papers

The cadreular phone is the rudimentary structural unit of all living organisms. Some cubicleular phones are commit organisms, much(prenominal) as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas, which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter, to the egg yolks of ostriches, which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in visual aspect and run short, all cells have a surrounding membrane and an inherent, water-rich kernel cal lead the cytoplasm, the composing of which differs significantly from the external environment of the cell. Within the cell is transmissible material, deoxyribonucleic sulphurous (DNA), containing encipherd instructions for the behavior and reproduction of the cell and also the chemical substance machinery for the variant of these instructions into the manufacture of proteins. Viruses are not considered cells because they lack this comment machinery they moldiness parasitize cells in order to translate their own genetic code and cat themselves.Cells are of two distinctly different types, prokaryotes and eukaryotes thus, the living existence is divided into two broad categories. The DNA of prokaryotes is a single atom in direct contact with the cell cytoplasm, whereas the DNA of eukaryotes is much great in amount and diversity and is contained within a nucleus apart(p) from the cell cytoplasm by a membranous nuclear envelope. many another(prenominal) eucaryotic cells are further divided into compartments by internal membranes in supplement to the nuclear envelope, whereas prokaryotic cells never contain completely internal membranes. The prokaryotes entangle the mycoplasmas, bacteria, and blue-green algae. The eukaryotes comprise all correct and animal cells. In general, plant cells differ from animal cells in that they have a pri med(p) cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane a cock-a-hoop vacuole, or fluid-filled pouch and chloroplasts that convert light-headed nothing to chemical energy for the deductive reasoning of glucose.Structure and Function Cells are composed primarily of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen, the elements that fox up the majority of organic compounds. The most important organic compounds in a cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides (carbohydrates). The "solid" structures of the cell are co... ...t of cells and cell products. Thus, a whole organism could be understood through the write up of its cellular part. In 1858 the German pathologist Rudolf Virchows theory, that all cells come from preexistent cells, led to the organic evolution of ideas about cell division and cell differentiation.The development in the late 19th century of proficiencys for staining cell parts enabled scientists to honour tiny cell structures that were not actually seen in dilate until the orgasm of the electron microscope in the 1940s. The development of various advanced optic techniques in the 20th century also increased the detection force-out of the light microscope for observations of living cells.The study of cells is not limited to describing structures. A rally conceit in modern cytology is that each structure has a function that may be understood as a series of biochemical reactions. The accord of these functions has been greatly aided by the development of cell fractionation techniques, employ an ultracentrifuge to separate specific intracellular structures from the rest of the cell. another(prenominal) technique is tissue culture, by which specific kinds of cells can be separate and crowing for study. The Cell Essay -- essays research papers The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas, which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter, to the egg yolks of ostriches, which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function, all cells have a surrounding membrane and an internal, water-rich substance called the cytoplasm, the composition of which differs significantly from the external environment of the cell. Within the cell is genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), containing coded instructions for the behavior and reproduction of the cell and also the chemical machinery for the translation of these instructions into the manufacture of proteins. Viruses are not considered cells because they lack this translation machinery they must parasitize cells in order to translate their own genetic code and reproduce themselves.Cells are of two distinctly different types, prokaryote s and eukaryotes thus, the living world is divided into two broad categories. The DNA of prokaryotes is a single molecule in direct contact with the cell cytoplasm, whereas the DNA of eukaryotes is much greater in amount and diversity and is contained within a nucleus separated from the cell cytoplasm by a membranous nuclear envelope. Many eukaryotic cells are further divided into compartments by internal membranes in addition to the nuclear envelope, whereas prokaryotic cells never contain completely internal membranes. The prokaryotes include the mycoplasmas, bacteria, and blue-green algae. The eukaryotes comprise all plant and animal cells. In general, plant cells differ from animal cells in that they have a rigid cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane a large vacuole, or fluid-filled pouch and chloroplasts that convert light energy to chemical energy for the synthesis of glucose.Structure and Function Cells are composed primarily of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen, the elements that make up the majority of organic compounds. The most important organic compounds in a cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides (carbohydrates). The "solid" structures of the cell are co... ...t of cells and cell products. Thus, a whole organism could be understood through the study of its cellular parts. In 1858 the German pathologist Rudolf Virchows theory, that all cells come from preexisting cells, led to the development of ideas about cell division and cell differentiation.The development in the late 19th century of techniques for staining cell parts enabled scientists to detect tiny cell structures that were not actually seen in detail until the advent of the electron microscope in the 1940s. The development of various advanced optical techniques in the 20th century also increased the detection power of the light microscope for observations of living cells.The study of cells is not limited to describing structures. A central concept i n modern cytology is that each structure has a function that may be understood as a series of biochemical reactions. The understanding of these functions has been greatly aided by the development of cell fractionation techniques, using an ultracentrifuge to separate specific intracellular structures from the rest of the cell. Another technique is tissue culture, by which specific kinds of cells can be isolated and grown for study.

Benito Mussolinis Rise and Fall to Power :: World War II History

Benito Mussolinis Rise and Fall to federal agencyBenito Mussolini had a large impact on World War II. He wasnt always a powerful dictator though. At first he was a school teacher and a collectivistic journalist. He later on married Rachele Guide and had 5 children. He was the editor of the Avanti, which was a socialist party newspaper in Milan.Benito Mussolini founded the Fasci di Combattimento on March of 1919.This was a nationalistic, anti liberal, and anti socialist movement. This movement attracted mainly the lower middle class.1 Fascism was spreading across Europe. Mussolini was winning sympathy from King Victor Emmanuel III. Mussolini whence threatened to march on Rome. This persuaded King Victor Emmanuel III to influence Mussolini to join a coalition, which powerfully helped him gain more power.Benito Mussolini brought Austria on Germanys typeface by a formal alliance. In 1937, he accepted a German alliance. The name of this alliance was the Anti Comntern Pact. On April 13, 1937 Benito Mussolini annexed Albania. He because told the British ambassador that not even the bribe of France and North Africa would bear him neutral.2 The British ambassador was appalled and dismayed.On May 28, 1937, Mussolini strongly gave thought to declaring war. He then attacked the Riviera across the Maritime. On September 13, 1937 he opened an offensive into British-garrisoned Egypt from Libya.3 On October 4, 1937, while the offensive comfort seemed to promise success, Benito Mussolini met Adolf Hitler at the Brenner Pass, on their joint frontier. The two of them discussed how the war in the Mediterranean, Britains principal foothold outside its island base, might be turned to her important disadvantage. Hitler suggested to Mussolini that Spain might be coaxed on the axis side, thus giving Germany unthaw use of the British Rock of Gibraltar, by offering Franco part of French North Africa, and that France might be persuaded to accept that concession by salary with parts of British West Africa.4 Mussolini seemed enthusiastic and very understandable why this was the case, since this scheme included the gaining of Tunis, Corsica, and Nice (annexed by Napoleon III in 1860) from France. Hitler then hurried home to his house in Berlin to arrange withdraws to Franco and Petan. pricker in the capital Hitler created a letter to Stalin inviting Molotov, the Soviet Foreign Minister, to visit early, when Germany and the U.S.S.R. might then agree among themselves how to profit from Britain not having a defense.

Montana 1948 and the Abuse of Power Essay

In the newfangled Montana 1948 you see a common cope that is around still in our everyday lives. This issue is the abuse of military group and how it leads to consequences that sometimes might be devastating. You see this in our everyday lives with the organization and also umteen times in are families across the nation. In the novel there are many examples of this in the Hayden family. Wes, Frank and their set about all are very super great powerful due to their back ground. Wes Hayden who is the convey of David (The Narrator) is the second generation of Haydens to be a Sheriff uses his power for undecomposed things Frank Hayden who is the brother of Wes is a war hero uses his power for severity things such as rape, killing and lying and finally you have Julian Hayden who is the father of Wes and Frank. Some would say he utilize his power to improvement his family, but in reality he protected Frank with his power to let the crimes add up. Julian Hayden is where the abuse of power effect many lots lives and ends up hurting his own family in the long run. grandfather Haydens corruption and abuse of power should be blame for the tragedies. You first find this out when David explains, He wanted, he needed, power He was a dominating man who drew sustenance and strength from authoritative others. (Watson 20). Also when David visited Len after Maries death, Len talked to him about being a sheriff in Montana. He told David, You know what your granddad said it means to be a peace officer in Montana? It means knowing when to sense of smell and when to look away.(Watson 93).Len saying this suggests that to Julian, being the sheriff does not mean keeping evaluator and doing the right thing instead it brings power and the right to hide the truth. Grandpa Hayden tolerated Frank for molesting Indian girls and used his powers to cover up for him. This gave Frank the king to continue to sexually assault girls without being punished. This also led to remove and in Frank committing suicide, Wes having to leave town and Julian losing both of his sons. From this, we mass see that corruption and power are causes of the tragedy.This issue is very beta because even in at onces society you see events want this happen all the time. Some cases are even more pure(a) because its at a much larger scale where it affects a whole country sometimes even makes history. For example with our government today we are continuously learning things the government tries and hide things from the citizens. Some of these things involve warrantless wire tapping, kidnapping and illegal detention and other government secrecies that abuses power and also violates our rights as citizens of the Unites States. This creates distrust in the government and chaos among the citizens.Celebrities, sports stars and pissed people are good examples of showing how the abuse of power is used in our modern day society. For example Ray Rice (Running game from the Baltimore Ravens) violently assaulted his Fiance and completely knocked her out unconscious. From this incident there should be some consequences to help him learn his lesson. Instead our judicial system allows monied people to keep doing these horrible crimes and only being assessed a bond fee. This demonstrates how corrupt and how the abuse of power is still very existent in not only government but also in people lives still today. ill-use of power is clearly demonstrated in the novel Montana 1948. This book just displays how people all around the being have been dealing with the same problem for quite a while. Abuse of power is problematic because the consequences for this issue are devastating and sometimes fatal. This is shown in Montana 1948 and also in our everyday lives. This issue will never be fixed if Power is given to people who cant handle it history will keep repeating itself.

Game Not over, Not Yet

Game not Over, Not Yet Electronics Arts (EA) competitive prefer from the scene of the industrial organization view (I/O) is their choice of industry is very attractive. Todays valet consist of many multitude who spend several hours playing photograph games. EA is from this aspect is stacking up ok against their competitors but they are also flunk in their position. EAs sales are d take in from previous old age and they also missed the initial social frolic trend of which they are now trying hard to mystify a digital computer programme for many of their popular games.The next perspective is election-based view (RBV). EAs resource based view in the past was great until the digital gaming came on board. EA was used to the technology at that time when they were popular for their games such(prenominal) as Madden NFL and Battlefield. It seems theyve lost their innovative touch now that nearly games are becoming digital and they were not in position to assume into that digita l platform and social gaming. EA was known for their resources because they had the homophile, physical, intangible, structural/cultural, and financial assets to develop produce and deliver to their customers.They seemed to subscribe all the resources needed when they had their competitive reinforcement but Electronics Arts did not prepare themselves for the changes in the behavior of consumers and retailers or trends which is now ca development them to loose their competitive advantage. What they were producing had value but was not rare enough and could be exploited by other companies who were voluntary to take them on. From the perspective of guerilla view EAs competitive advantage was definitely temporary.They lacked the ability to change and radically surprise competitors with strategic actions and as a corporation their focus of analysis both external and congenital was failing. EA was not able to continue their before track record of disrupting electric current situati ons that would aide in helping them to maintain their competitive advantage. Yes, EA does exhibits the critical factors for the unused business context. They now behave a new CEO who is on board and is brining back the discipline needed in order to catch on top.Their new CEO has found out what caused them to give up their circumstance and is implementing it. They are starting back at square ane of having designers identify the creative center of a game, understanding their customers by using small focus groups, and sharing best practices and technologies through their intranet library. They are also disciplining the necessary peoplethe next generation and project management. The resource EA appears to have are the human resources, intangible assets, structural/cultural assets, and finances.I feel that the human resources is a unique thing to have because it is hard to acquire people who have the experience, characteristics, knowledge, judgment, wisdom, skills, abilities, and co mpetencies needed to achieve the company goal. Also although their financial status is not what it used to be they still have enough funds to invest and be innovative again. The only ethical and social responsibleness issues I can see them dealing with possibly replicating another companies digital platform.The only way to handle that is by coming up with their own and patenting it or even by just expanding their already owned commemorate names patents and databases. EA has to learn how to be creative again. The only stakeholders EA might have to be concerned with are the groups or individuals who can influence their companys decisions, which at some point can possibly be their competitors which will directly affect them. References Coulter, M. (2013). Strategic management in action. (6th ed. ). stop number Saddle River, N. J. Pearson Education, Inc.

Simplex Method

A comprehensive examination look at the compensation rules and benefit class is necessary to founder any holes in the system. The company will then explore the many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) options available to it when deciding on a compensation package suite to both the employee and the organization. An accusatory function is when you defend iodin word that is the keyword. And that keyword Is all minimized or maximized. You can do this to a name, colon, or a linear equation. Although a particular linear program must fly the coop ace butt function, a model may contain more than than than one verifiable declaration. (Fourier, Gay, &038 Kernighan, 2003, pig. 34, Chapter 8). Constraints are a little different than objective functions. But they do have some similarities. The Similarities are that they both utilize a keyword the only thing is in constraints you do not have to have a beginning keyword like you do in and objective function. The name off constrain t, like the name of an objective, is not utilise anyplace else in an algebraic model (Fourier, Gay, Kernighan, 2003, pig. 134, Chapter 8). Both the objective function and constraints make believe well together you cannot use one without using the other. The unidirectional order was invented by Gorge B.Dating in 1947. The unidirectional method is the most professional tool used today in most applications of linear programming. Tangles bat has been honored many times. To name a few, The National Medal of cognizance In 1975, the Jon Von Neumann Theory Prize of the Operations Research association of America, and the Institute of Management Science, In 1974. He believed that the greatest theories must manoeuvre the final test of being able to solve the problem that originated it (Dating, 1994). He worked with the U. S. Air Force where he became an expert on planning methods understand with your every day desk calculator.At the time this was called programming, a term used by t he military referring to plans or schedules for the training, deployment of men and logistical supply for them. Today, many industries use the simplex method to maximize or minimize winnings and costs throughout the company. Management within these companies uses the simplex method to fragmentize scarce resources amongst the company. Industries use the simplex method to find the best port to allocate these resources such as labor, trials, machines and capital (Using the Simplex Method operating theatre State University Extension Service, 1998).Simplex Method within pass Technologies use of the simplex method will be demonstrated to solve a parkland resource allocation situation faced by many companies. Winter Technologies has been has the following resources available to work on the project. Technical resource one costs $1 5/ second and is available for a maximal of 30 hours. Technical resource 2 costs $20/hour and is available a maximum of 40 hours. Technical resource 2 cost s $25/hour and is available a maximum of 50 hours. The company would also like to have technical resource to work for less than one third of the hours on the project.If this restriction had not been place on Tech 2, the total cost of the project could have been reduce as Tech 2 could have taken on more hours under its constraint. Conclusion The simplex method is used to solve problems in linear programming. This was a big undertaking for Winter Technologies and should not be taken lightly. Every linear program can be reborn into standard form where the constraints are equalities and the objective is maximized and nonnegative are the variables. completely elements described were carefully considered before the project is undertaken.A poorly lactated linear program can mean disaster for the company and can take geezerhood to erase. With this consideration in mind Team A use the simplex method that allows them to improve the solution at each step. The simplex method will start fro m a random vertex value of the objective function and repeatedly find another vertex value that improves the one you have before. Once the team standardized the model, they begin to implement the simplex method. To begin the team uses the simplex incoming variables, choosing the variable that slips out, updating the board, and go result.

Bba Application Essay

Community is where one finds a place to belong and a purpose to pursue. It can mean the difference between soaring with grandness or simply floating along. It is where leaders find their heat energy to incandescence and their reasons to thrive. The Emory Concert consort participation is no different, and it is where I take aim free-base my own passion and purpose to grow and thrive. The Emory Concert Choir is a family of diverse individuals who join together to fill each others lives up with song and laughter. It is where each of us has found our identity and expresses our passion for music.Each precious breath that escapes between our lips echoes through the concert hall and is change with our pride and joy. However, music is not a treasure to be moderate from others, but is instead a food for the soul that should overflow. Therefore, I have thusly devoted myself to let our music be known to the Emory community as our Publicity Chair. In order to increase our campus awarenes s and spare a larger number of students to enjoy our concerts, I have started a number of initiatives since being appointed.During my freshman year, I noticed a muckle of listeners came up after our concerts to express their gratitude. Many claimed to have been overwhelmed with joy and love the beautiful sounds. Yet, many of these faces were not seen during the following concert. I realized that the line of work lies within the lack communication of information many simply did not know the date of our next concert. In order to increase communication, I began collecting email lists after each concert for those who wished to be aware of our future concerts.Furthermore, our new YouTube pages and Facebook pages will now allow us to practice social media to engage with the Emory community. These new tools will help us relieve the Emory community informed of all our future ventures. However, awareness does not give the sack with simply communicating information. It is equally impor tant to develop and maintain an pictorial matter and identity of our Choir as a whole. Just as a company advertises its brand image, we too plan on promoting our sings image.During the academic year of 2012-2013, one of my largest initiatives is to identify the key characteristics of our choir, and create a campaign to promote that image. We have already begun designing apparel for the choir and revamping our website. The efforts made here will help shape Concert Choirs place in the Emory community for the years to come. Over the late(prenominal) year, Emory Concert Choir has transformed from a group of singing strangers, to a family of friends supporting a common goal. I now know my intent in improving our Concert Choir family and I know I have the capacity to achieve such greatness.

Genetically Modified Food Essay

Genetically special (GM) victualss atomic number 18 ethically unacceptable. GM solid foods atomic number 18 food product derived in whole or part from a genetically modified existence by human intention. It is a special set of technologies that concerns the alteration, deletion, or asset of the genetic makeup of living organisms a great deal(prenominal) as animals, plants, or bacteria.This is an meaning(a) issue because GM foods make been dubbed as the feed of the Future and although studies suffer come come to the foren that genetically modified foods may bring about many a(prenominal) benefits to mankind, we essential(prenominal) in addition look into the ethical issues involved in producing such food before we even consider accepting it as the centering of the future. First, we must understand that the word ethical is defined as having to do with morals or morality or of con fixing to moral standards.There bequeath be 3 parts to this elbow grease on. First ly, I will be presenting and fend for 2 arguments that support my stand. Following that, Ill take into consideration near common objections against my thesis. Lastly, I will summarize the main points in this essay before drawing to a conclusion. The essays argument takes the form of Modus P wizns If GM is X, GM is wrongGM is X> GM is unethicalMy main argument is that it is unethical to tamper with disposition by salmagundi genes among the different species. By doing so, it may rattling suggestion to a impact of natural organisms intrinsic values. There is a very delicate fit that links this world together and this is the counterweight that makes things work. GM foods might in truth admit rise to more complications such as the disturbance of geniuss food pyramid.For example, the pesticide produced in the crop may unintentionally injury other creatures while producing a benefit to others. The introduction of pest-resistant genes into crops could lead to the conclusion of the pests and other animals causing an imbalance in the food chain that could maybe lead to the extinction of some species especially if they are only localised in one particular area.In Britain, a native evoke bird, the Skylark, was indirectly affected by the introduction of GM sugar beets that were intentional to resist herbicides. The result in planting this crop was that weeds were trim down substantially. However, since the birds rely on the seeds of this weed in autumn and winter, researchers expect that up to 80% of the Skylark population would take a crap to find other government agency of finding food. Another issue brought up is that GM crops may also pose a health risk to native animals that eat the plants and may be poisoned by the built-in pesticides.Although others might also argue that the discriminating down of trees to construct buildings might also be a way of tampering with nature, GM food not just tampers with physical nature but with the foundation of nature genes. Every organism, no matter how small, is make up of genes. These genes control the physical development and behavior of the organism and are passed down from parent to offspring. The word genes (comes from the Greek word genos meaning line of credit) actually defines natures transmission line and the production of GM food would mean to change the origin of nature.Furthermore, religious communities Christians, Hindus, Jews and Muslims also share such concerns regarding GM products. According to Bishop Jeff Davies from the SA Council of Churches, With genetic engineering, we are tampering with the structures of life that have taken millions of years to evolve and we have the arrogance to think that we merchantman improve on them in 10 years to transfer a gene from one species into another. Different religious communities have different believes and one of them would be their food such as kosher and halal food. nevertheless with the introduction of animal genes into plants how will they define a tomato with a fish gene? This will also be a major(ip) concern to vegetarians. All in all, I believe that people should be happy with what nature has to give and not play God and try to control nature. It is unethical to sacrifice other creatures and meddle with the delicate balance of nature. Furthermore, on that point will be potential chain reactions that may be unstoppable.One other argument is how GM products can affect our health especially in the long run. The unpredictable changes in our food could lead to negative reactions that are not detected by research techniques until much later. A quick acceptance of GE foods without proper interrogation could show corporate profitability to be very influential but that would be too dangerous because in that location has been no adequate safety testing to ensure that using other organisms genes is going to have the same useful effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species.Furthermore, testing has only been done on a small scale shortly and its hard to predict what will happen when its utilise on a wider ecology. In 1989, dozens of Americans died and several thousands were afflicted and impaired by a genetically altered version of the food postscript L-tryptophan. Studies have been done to show how viruses can mix with genes of other viruses to give rise to more deadly viruses. To mass market the use of GM food when it has not been properly tested for safety issues would mean that businesses are gaining at the expense of consumers health and is therefore ethically unacceptable.On the other hand, some organizations insist that GM engine room is the solution to settlement the problem of world longing. However, I feel that it is simply a dodge of corporations and countries that are using the plight of the developing world as a marketing strategy to gain acceptance of GE foods. GM technology is not an economical method that can be easily implement by most countries. I n fact, genetic engineering techniques are before long being applied to crops important to the industrialized world and not on crops which the worlds hungry depend on.GM foods could actually subjugate developed countries reliance on crops from developing countries, resulting in loss of wad and severe economic damage for them and intensifying their problem of poverty. This would mean that theres a conflict of interest. Furthermore, an important factor that Friends of the Earth has pointed out is that many people in the world are suffering from malnutrition and hunger because they cannot afford to buy food, not because it is unavailable. Therefore, even with GM food, people would stable not be able to afford it or have it distributed appropriately. around of the causes of hunger are found in global politics, rather than issues of floriculture and technology. As a result, a variety of groups and people are inquiring the motives behind GM foods as the political causes of hunger ap pear to be ignored.An article from Food First observed that most innovations in verdant biotechnology have been profit-driven rather than need-driven and it questions whether GE technology can real ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world or is it produced simply because its patentable and thus, profitable to businesses. In some cases, as reported by The Institute for Science, pesticide usage is actually increasing, and GE crop actually yield less than conventional crops.In this essay, I have come up with several valid reasons wherefore Genetically Modified Foods are ethically unacceptable. GM foods tamper with the origin of nature which is the genes and there is inadequate safety testing to prove that GM food is safe for human consumption.Therefore, businesses are mass marketing GM food at the expense of consumers health and proclaiming that GM Food is the solution to world hunger when it might not be true. Although there might be potential and benefits in GE technology, there are still many unknown areas that might prove to be more harmful then beneficial. Furthermore, there are still too many important ethical issues that have been ignored and that reason by itself makes it ethically unacceptable.

Assess The View That The Nuclear Family Is No Longer The Norm

The nuclear family was commonly seen in many countries of the beingness out-of-pocket to its practicality and re focalized the extended family in most societies. The nuclear family is defined by George Peter Murdock as a married male and female fit raising one or more than children in one household.This coordinate became the norm in modern society as it fulfils Murdocks 4 functions of the family Sexual helps maintain a healthy and stable relationship among the p bents, Reproductive to continue the population and produce workers for society, Economic to support the family by working in society and sharing roles between the man and woman, precept to serve as a source of primary socialisation for children so that they whitethorn function properly in society. Sociobiologists believe that our behaviour is due to biologic instincts.The nuclear family proved that it worked so was continued to be employ as it was seen crucial to the survival of our species and zoologist, Desmond Mor ris mentioned that Most successful cultures use the nuclear family. The cereal packet family is a term given by Edmund bloodsucker in 1967 when he recognised the power of the image of the nuclear family. Its a socially constructed model laden with assumptions of how families ought to be. Such an image creates a normalised social construction of what a family should look like. However, many other family structures are being used which suggests that the nuclear family is not the norm.For example, the Kibbutz lived in an extended family structure, meat that their entire family lived together and not practiced their immediate family. The Nayar tribe are an example of people who used the extended family due to living in poverty. The wives would get support from family members and work together to raise the children whilst the men would go out and provide for the family. Felicity Edholm critiqued Murdocks subject of the nuclear family by saying, the family is socially constructed. Th is means that it has varied from culture and is also not biological for humans.Therefore, Murdock defined the nuclear family from his cultural perspective and completely ignored others. Edholm referred to this as The Unnatural Family. In the UK today, many other family structures are in place due to a number of things. Since the early 1990s, divorce rates countenance increased by a fair amount, creating lone-parent families. This also led to a lot of people remarrying, creating reconstituted (step) families. These go against Murdocks nuclear family due to having some(prenominal) parents living separately or having children from antithetic relationships.In fact, these family structures have become more common than the nuclear family itself. Recently, same sex marriages have been approved in many places around the world, allowing gay couples to start families of their own. This also goes against Murdocks idea of the nuclear family which involved a couple each of a different sex. In conclusion, the nuclear family is no longer considered the norm due to the great unwashed increase of lone-parent and reconstituted families because of a divorce being extremely to get. Although the nuclear family may well work and be very practical in society, it just isnt easily accessed by many people.

Should Examinations be Abolished Essay

Good sunup e reallyone. My name is YONG YU, representing coterie 2/7.The feat of todays debate is Should questions be abolished in develop In my shew of view, I powerfully agree that examinations should be abolished in schoolFirstly, the total on of present examination systems slosheds the line of descent of fear, tension, anxiety and stress in the minds of the bookmans beneath which if a savant doesnt per establishs according to his/her pargonnts expectations whitethorn lead to savants even winning the extreme ill-treat of ending their life by doing suicide.Secondly, some people also hypothecate that exams atomic number 18 non a reli able-bodied experiment of gauging the ability of the students as luck plays a major role. It is impossible to set the questions at the said(prenominal) difficulty every year, if it is easier, he get proscribed malt whisky toweringer. It is possible to pick up the tested subjects for the exam then for pass water every conductm ent and yet score high-pitched marks. on that pointfore, I question that I indispensability to ask you is, Whats the period of judgment of conviction of having examinations, when it provokes many an(prenominal) negative impact?? In conclusion, I strongly gestate that Examinations should be abolished in school Should examinatons be abolished in schools?Read more than than If There Were No Exams EssayGood morning/ later onnoon/ flush teachers and fellow friends . I am Ashraf from assort 2/7 . I am here today to talk about the motion Should examinations be abolished in schools? First of alone , i would wish sanitary to say that i strongly disagree with the idea of abolishing exams eventhough they are troublesome for students and even teachers . here are my reasons why examinations should not be abolished in schools .Firstly , examinations are part and parcel of school . You come to postulate in schools . You want to know where you stand . You want to know how good or h ow no-good you are at your academics . So , what is the use of sledding to school , analyse but there is no exam to test you ?That brings me to my next point . Without the presence of examinations , students would be much more lazy . They would not feel the importance or even the conduct to study . They baron pretermit out of school or not care about the slightest thing that concerns school . Students also would give up easily because there is not a enquire for them to understand something and be good at it . This not only call fors the students . It affects the teachers , the parents , the community and the country .If examinations are abolished , teachers would not feel the need to teach students until they understand a certain topic . It reconciles their work easier . unless , for teachers who are committed in teaching , they would be moderniseting a rough time trying to teach the students . These teachers would then feel they are not qualified for teaching . This wou ld bring their morale down . This capacity even break their ambition .In conclusion , abolishing examinations would take on more negative impacts compared to positive impacts . So i stress my point , i repeat it , Examinations should not be abolished in schools . Whether examinations should be abolished in schools.Meghan on Sun mutilate 18, 2012 1053 pmHello, this is Meghan from class 2/7 put forward. I strongly bank that examinations should not be abolished.Examinations have been around for as long as anyone can remember. Examinations have been employ in primary schools, secondary schools, junior colleges, polytechnics, so on and so forth. It should not just disappear from our society. I recall and feel that examinations overhaul us get better in the subject. By taking examinations, our teachers may help us to im come out our grades, and help us correct our mistakes. When taking an examination, our goal is to score high grades, and to devil our teachers, parents and peers noble of us.As many different questions may come out on the examination, students are urged to study more, perk up more. There are many reasons why students want to score high grades. One of the many reasons which I experience time and again is because of competition. Students like to fight against each other to get higher(prenominal) grades on their examinations, as many students today, even though we do not like to admit things, are quite arrogant.Now, examinations also give us a chance to apply what we have learnt in school, and apply it in genuine life. Also, dont examinations drive us to understand what the teachers are teaching. Ive even heard a student, back in primary school say, I dont like to study Its irritating. Ill just cheat. Now, some people think that cheating is an easier agency to make parents and teachers proud, but thats in reality. The cheaters are the ones who would be suffering. Not only they might get caught, but they wont actually learn anything f rom the constitutional experience. See, the things we learn earlier in life help us to get THROUGH life. nevertheless think about it. When we go to kindergarten, and learn unsophisticated English, and simple Mathematics, that got us through primary one, right? So basically our knowledge would keep building up and up, helping us to get through life.Also, have you ever thought about it? In Mathematics, for example, they stall some problems on real life situations. See, we can use those skills in real life So examinations are actually really helpful. Examinations are all based on ones sagacity of a formula, topic, or subject. So if we understand more, we would be able to get higher grades, and hence we would be able to apply our skills in real life. both(prenominal) people might think, What? How is algebra supposed to help me? Like if I were a hawker? Now, not all jobs involve skills like that. Many jobs involve many different topics. There may be many reasons by students why th ey think examinations should be abolished, but this one reason rises high above all, in terms of importance Examinations are the only way of determining the students understanding the subject.I would like to say once again, I stand firm by my idea, we should not abolish school examinations. thank you for your assistance. Should Examinations be abolished in school Izzah(14) 2/7Good morning Mrs Sng, teachers and fellow students.I am a representative from 2/7, here to express my opinion whether examinations should be abolished. As a student myself, I strongly believe that major examinations should be eradicated.Now,I shall move on to my first substantives for the day.This intelligence service could make a happy and cheerful student turn into a wreck in just one day. Exams. Exams have absolutely prove itself as a lethal weapon to students.As a impart, this causes the student to be stressed before and after the exams itself. Before the exams, I am original that intimately st udents get out be extremely stressed out . Thus, they will most probably burn the midnight oil to study topics and cause the student to fall sick or suffer from sleep deprivation. It can even result to disastrous outcomes such as harming his/her self and worse,suicide. This also applies after the exams. A student may not achieve his/ her desirable results or the high expectations setted by their parents. Hence, the student will be depressed or afraid to face their parents. With all these factors in mind, it is obvious that examinations does not rise the journey of learning, but hinder it instead.As a fellow student myself, every student had come across this scenario before. When a particular student score highest in the class, even without lifting a finger, it definitely will sacking off a sense of jealousy between the students.As a result , they will become competitive .Hence, they will only try to perplex the top scorers and not focuse on the primary(prenominal) point of atte nding school, to actually gain knowledge and understand what is being taught. In conclusion, this competitive surroundings is not a condusive one to study in.Even so, I believe there is still some good left in examinations. However, I suggest an alternate arrangement that will help to lessen the great pres trusted on the students. I suggest projects that require the teachers to assess students in oral and sensible practices such as presentations and Science practical tests. I also suggest to have class tests that only test student based on a particular topic so the student can prepare for the test better thus the student will get better results. It is also because a major exam may not cover all topics that being taught. Hence, the suggestions I have give tongue to will make the assessment of students much fairer.With that, I strongly believe examinations should be abolished due to the fact that it causes harm in the emotional and physical being of the student and a competitive e nvironment that will affect the learning process.I have also stated alternative arrangements that could be implement to make assessments of students better. With that, I thank you.CueShould examinations be abolished??Masyitah Shakirah on Mon Mar 19, 2012 204 amGood morning everyone.My name is Masyitah.I am going to talk about whether examinations should be abolished.In my honest opinion,I think that examinations should not be abolished.My first reason is because through examinations,students can know their level of understanding towards a certain topic of a subject.They will then approach their teachers if they know their weaknesses and if they need help in certain topics.After that,the students would be able to score well in their upcoming examinations.they would also be proud of themselves if they are one of the top scorers in their schools.Exams is also a form of encouragement for students to study harder and get better results for the coming examinations.I am sure the students would want to be the same standard as their friends.Without examinations,students will be lazy to study and they would not be bothered to do all the cornerstonework wedded by their teachers.As examination results will be printed out on a sheet of paper and parents have to sign on it,the students would surely try and do their best in every examinations because they do not want to get scoldings from their parents and want to make them proud.Even though I feel that examinations should not be abolished,I think that the number of examinations given per year to the students should decrease.This is so that the students would not feel stress as they need to rush through their revisions for a lot of subjects.The teachers would also have time to let their students understand the subject better until the whole class is  have to move on to the next topic.In conclusion,I strongly believe that examinations should not be abolished because it can train the students to plan theri time well and be disciplined.However the amount of examinations given should be reduced so that it would not cause the students to be stress because they came to school to study,not to cramp their brains with a lot of things in just a fewer months before the examinations.With that,I thank you. Masyitah ShakirahRe Should Examinations be Abolished in Schools?JunYe on Mon Mar 19, 2012 606 pmHello everybody, this is JunYe from class 2/7E.Today, I am going to talk about the motion Should examinations be abolished in schools?. I strongly agree that examinations should be abolished. There are a few reasons on why examinations should be abolished in schools.Firstly , as we all know examinations are apply to test on students to let the teachers and students know how well they are in a particular subject. Students might be misled by parents that examinations will definitely make life-long changes to their life and hence , putting students under tremendous stress and unavailing to concentrate darn learn ing or revising.Secondly , as most students are concerned about the grades they get and thus causing them to be over-reacting when they get disappointed in their grades. They might be under slump and emotionally unstable. Students in this state tend to become short-tempered with every their work or their fellow classmates and even the teachers are being used to vent anger on.In conclusion, I think the examinations should be abolished in schools as it is not that effective enough to let the students concentrate and learn. convey you. JunYeGuestShould Examinations be abolished?BryanSim on Mon Mar 19, 2012 1050 pmHello everybody, I am Bryan from class 2/7. I am here today to talk about the motion, Should examinations be abolished in schools? I agree that examinations should be abolished. I will state a few reasons on why examinations should be abolished in schools.Firstly, examinations may put students under tremendous stress as if students do not do well in the examination, parent s might scold them when they bring the papers back home for parents signature. As a result, students may study very hard to avoid their parents scolding.Secondly, Students may not really benefit from the examination as some students only memorize the things that are tested on the examination and after the examination, they would forget they had memorise as they need to memorise things tested on the next examination.Lastly, I think that examinations should be changed to astonishment tests as surprise tests would not give students to memorise the things tested and this would mean that the students have to use their knowledge that they have.In conclusion, I think that examinations should be abolished in schools as it put students under tremendous stress and while students are in great stress, some of them do not really benefit from the examination. Thank you.BryanSimShould Examinations be abolished in schools ?Liyana on Mon Mar 19, 2012 1111 pmGood morning teachers and fellow student s. I am Liyana representing 2/7, and I strongly believe that examinations should be abolished in schools. Firstly, students get stressed whenever examinations are around. They might stay up late, or write out meals just to revise for their upcoming examinations. This is unhealthy for the students as the body would not get enough rest and nutrients, and theres a apt(predicate) chance that the students might get sick. Also, students are stressed after the examinations besides because they will worry about what score they are going to get. Also, clear-sighted students these days, we are very competitive. We always want to be the top.An over-competitive environment is not a good place for students to learn, because then, all they want to do is to be the top. This is bad because is defeats the purpose of going to school in the first place, and that is to learn and gain knowledge. Also, students might not need to even pay attention during lessons and still get a high score. All th ey need to do is to memorise all thier notes given by their teachers, memorise information from their textbooks as nowdays examination is really about memorising. Students would then have a mental capacity that they can score well, even without paying attention in class.Just to summarise the points, the mindset, and an over-competitive is bad for students, because they will not really achieve the main goal, and that is to, again, gain knowledge. So I would like to end off my actors line by saying that examinations should be abolished in schools.

Joseph’s Story Essay

Josephs explanation is a common one of an unsuspected massive affectionateness attack. counterbalance though Joseph had numerous existing factors that put him at risk of center field conditions he continued to live with no fear, or ambition to flip changes. While p marking ball with his son in the park, Joseph experienced his blister case scenario, a massive heart attack. There were several elements that went into this clinical turn for the worst. Josephs heart could now have irreversible defile due to the advanced stage of the condition.When Josephs heart stopped on the job(p) in the park the jail cells that make up the heart started to use up the remaining ATP that was left in the cells. Because there was no heart function to push oxygenated blood through the vessels the carbon dioxide levels started to increase and PH levels dropped indoors the cell. The heart was no longer providing blood flow with the voluminous oxygen and glucose to the mitochondria, which is needed for the production of ATP. With let on ATP it was only a take of a few moments before the active transport pumps in the plasm membrane had stopped. This keep apart of activity had now allowed for sodium to begin leaking out of the cells and potassium to leak in. Josephs lungs could no longer expel noxious carbon dioxide from his body, or bring important oxygen in. Cells were dying.As Joseph lay in the park his son was crying and calling for help. Lucky for them both, whatsoever people were nearby who ran to ran to their aid. As one someone called for help, another person started CPR on Josephs heart. CPR allowed for fresh oxygen to exit his cells and with every chest compression more carbon dioxide was expelled from his body. However, Josephs cells were ease unable to produce ATP and the structure of the cells were being compromised to say the least. The lack of ATP also meant that special atomic number 20 ATPases had stopped moving calcium from the cytosol into endoplasmic reticulum of his cardiac muscle cells. As the intracellular calcium levels flush within the cells, they caused proteases to press release into their interiors of the cell, attacking the cytoskeleton.Lysosomal enzymes as well as mitochondrial organelles are usually contained by membranes or vesicles. A lot of a cell does it contained within that membrane. When a cell starts to die the first to start seize is the membrane, exchanging nothing intentional, but leaking nutrients in and out.The instructions Josephs body need to repair itself and his disposition for vascular disease are both contained within the cell, inside DNA, located in the nucleolus. As the intracellular calcium levels rose, they caused proteases to spill into the interior of the cell, attacking the cytoskeleton. Lysosmal enzymes normally bound safely inside vesicles began to behave the plasma membrane and the membranes of the organelles. Oxygen is required by cells to produce ATP, oxygen, and nutrients, multip lex cellular processes affecting hemostasis.Joseph was not treating his body with the care it needed. As a result the cells in his body reacted in a damaging way. wellness and disease are ultimately determined at the cellular level.

Romanticism Resource Page

afterwards reviewing the romanticistism resource knave, list three characteristics of Romanticism. Also, identify three authors of the Romantic period. Using the transcendentalism resource page, list three characteristics of Transcendentalism. How did Transcendentalists feel more or less nature? What did Transcendentalists feel about the inherent nature of human beings (were piece inherently good or evil)? Transcendentalists believe that individuals transcend by education from and living in harmony with nature.Thoreau put this philosophy into practice by living alone in a cabin he create himself at Walden Pond for deuce years (1845 -1847). Thoreaus experiences during this period provided him with the material for his masterwork Walden (1854). The iterate below is from Walden. Describe two special things Thoreau learned about biography by translating the lines below in your aver words I went to the woodwind instrument because I wished to live deliberately, to front only th e essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.I precious to live deeply and suck out all the marrow of life. (Walden) Which two great passive resistance leaders were influenced by the premise of Transcendentalism through the works of Thoreau and Emerson? Click on the following link to guide Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe After reviewing the Romanticism resource page and the poem, identify two characteristics of Romanticism found in this poem. Identify specific examples (lines) in the poem that represent each of the characteristics you have chosen.After identifying the lines, explain (in your own words) how the lines represent the characteristics of Romanticism. For example line 3 my neck was a love is an example of idealism because Using the links below, find one bring up from Emerson and one from Thoreau that best exemplifies your definition of Transcendentali sm. Be sure to include your account of why each of these quotes relates to your perception of Transcendentalism

Preference Share and Convertible Note Essay

The issue to be considered here is if the legitimate form of a taste sensation sh atomic number 18 or a transformable rase is paramount or more important than all otherwise things? I do believe this statement is non appropriate and the aggregate of a preference share or a transmutable note is more important than the legal form.BodyFrom the perspective of users, the disclosure in financial statements is the most vital approach to provide information intimately the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the report entity. As the rightfulness and the liability always lead to different effects to the reporting entity, so the disclosure of the equity and the liability could lead to users different decisions. Therefore, when classifying the equity and the liability, the reporting entity should adhere to the principle of substance over form in AASB Framework para. 35. Based on the above statement, some analysis of this slip are as follow1. As shown in AASB 132 para. AG25, preference shares, which are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the holder, should be classified as liabilities or else than equity, and the reason is that the issuer has an liability to transfer assets to the holder of the preference shares however, preference shares, which are redeemable at the option of the issuer, should be classified as equity rather than liabilities, since there has no obligations for the issuer to transfer assets to the shareholder. AASB 132 para. AG25 and AG26 also outline that, the classification for non- redeemable preference shares is base on the substance of the arrangement or the rights attach to the shares, rather than the legal form.2. As shown in Framework, the convertible notes would be classified as equity if conversion to equity is the probable outcome, while the convertible notes would be classified as liabilities if redemption at maturity is the probable outcome. Or as shown in AASB 132 para. 29, conver tible notes should be classified separately based on two components liabilities, since convertible notes are contractual arrangements to deliver capital or another financial asset and equity, since convertible notes are beef options granting the holder the right, for a specified period of time, to convert it into a touch on number of ordinary shares of the entity. In addition, AASB 132 para. AG32 illustrate that n conversion of a convertible instrument at maturity, the entity derecognizes the liability component and recognizes it as equity, and the accredited equity component remains as equity.ConclusionBase on the above analysis, I do believe that this statement in this is not appropriate. Since when classified a preference share or a convertible note, according to AASB Framework and AASB standards, the substance over form.

The Role of English in Our Lives

The billet of incline in our lives has got much importance. English may be a foreign phrase, but it is foreign in its signifi tooshiece. It is taken as a lingua France, the common language , for all(prenominal) parts of the mankind today. The importance of English language in our lives is as first of all , it is spoken , read or mute in most parts of the world. repayable to this language, we can belong to whole world as well as to our induce country. Secondly, the power of English in our lives is that it is very the language of science and technology. No other(a) language offers such a all-encompassing scope for scientific studies and research in English.Without our mastery of English, we could not have substantially apply atomic energy for top executive generation, in engineering projects , medical exam interposition etc. Thirdly, the most major role of English is that it offers us treasures of knowledge in all social sciences like history, political science, econo mics , anthropology , sociology , philosophy an psychology. Fourthly ,it plays its role in modern medicine and performance , developed from world wide studies and researches in different countries and language, now make a tremendous store house of medical knowledge in English. Lastly, religious and apparitional writings and translations in English are in plenty .All the devoted books including the Holy Quran and Bible with versatile translation find their pride of bunk in the section of religious books in any good library or book gallery. knowing how to speak it is definately a plus as it is the universal language (it allows you to communicate w/ ppl from other countries and acquire and share ideas with them) and the preferred language used in most schools and business establishments (lets boldness it, its hard to do well in school if youre poor in side of meat as most books are create verbally in side of meat and schools use it as their medium of instruction o attend in school and in ones career, slope proficiency is needed). in some countries where english is a 2nd language, it is also seen as a status symbol i. e. , it is eyeshot that only the rich and the educated can speak the language fluently.

Macbeth suffers a terrible downfall – Who is to blame? Is it all his fault? Is he truly evil?

In the influenceMacbeth, Macbeth suffers a terrible downfall. At the begining of the break a counseling he is unafraid(predicate) and brave he doesnt ready a c be in the world but by the give the sack he has become corrupted and a fearful, tretorous man.At first we dont influence Macbeth we precisely arrest ab forbidden him all we recognize at the begining is that he is in scrap fighting the norwegians and alongside him is Banquo his dearest fri obliterate. The faggot discribes him as Brave Macbeth for his fighting shows he is brave as well as fearless so later in the play for this he is rewarded Thane of Glamis.Along the way homewe hear ab let on the 3 witches or as Macbeth calls them The Instruments Of Darkness, Macbeth and Banquorun into them and they give Macbeth 3 predictions which are1)He Becomes Thane of Cawdor2)He Becomes Thane of Glamis3)He Becomes KingHe does not belive it but he is already Thane of Cawdor and anyone would get that. After hearing this Banquo ask es about him and the witches declare that he leave behind not be powerfulness himself but his children or childrens children leave alone be, both Macbeth and Banquo are intrigued by what they have herd but when Macbeth askes to know to a greater extent the witches vanish. This shows that these witches started everything off as you will see when the story moves on.When Macbeth arives back at his campground a messenger brings the news that he has become Thane of Glamis which was the witches second prediction. Glad to hear the news the witches brang him as well as becoming Thane of Glamis, Macbth writes his married woman (Lady Macbeth) a garner telling her what has happened, as Lady Macbeth reads the garner she builds up an idea in her clearance. By the time she had finished reading it she had a plan to stumble Macbeth king. This plan was to carrying into action The king in his sleep and make it look like the guards did it by placeing the c over glossas on them.When Macbeth hears of this plan in his head he presupposes to himself should i or should i not kill the king he doent know weather to be liege to his king or to his wife. In the end he decides to choose his wifeand go by means of with the murder. As he is walking to the kings domiciliate he sees a float knife in his way which he things is a sign to go through with it (or is it a sign of guilt?) then squanderer appears on the knife and he knows what to do he murders The king. The murder was not shown on stage because the King/Queen invariably came to see shakespears plays and if they see themselfs getting remove they might think that someones plotting against them. Macbeth as well kills the guards so he has less chance of organism found out.Lady Macbeth acts as if it do- null be forgotten she tells Macbeth to wash his turn over clean of the blood and he will never be cought. In the morning when the king is discovered Macbeth tries to cover up his tracks Loyal, and neutral, in a mome nt No man, the expedition of my violent love this is what Macbeth says when the guards are dicovered he said that he killed them in anger later finding out about the murder of The king. Lady Macbeth faints to resume attenchion away from Macbeth. When the air to the throne finds out the king is dead flees to another country.The cleansing of Banquo is a simple thing to explain, Macbeth has him killed because of the witches predictions. He believes that Banquos children or childrens children will take over his throne so he has him killed alone his son Fleaunce escapes.When Macbeth orders the killing of Macduffs family it is so noble because he wants Macduff dead not his family. I think that he has hem killed so thatMacduff is corupted and gives himself up.At the end of the play Macbeth changes in all in personallity and everything. From Starting of as brave, fearless Macbeth to feaful Macbeth. He believes he is invinsable that he quarter not be killed but he soon finds out that he is wrong.Macbeths infirm points in this story were his wife, the witches and his conchance. Killing the king was his own choise but is wife also played a big resolve in killing him telling Macbeth He wasnt a man if he didnt go though with it he also believed it was what he had to do after seeing the floating dagger covered in blood. slimy despicable is a man whom kills his king, worthless is a man who kills his best friend, evil is a man who kills someone elses wife and childrenI believe that Macbeth is infact evil for what he did to his king, best frend and Macduffs family. In the begining i dont think he would have even dreamt of doing such a thing but after hearing the witches predictions he changes, his heart turns opaque and all he cares about is being King of Scotland that was his goal and as farther as he was concerned nothing was going to stop him by getting in his way

Nursing and Diploma Program

A registered concord is a licensed superior with a four-year treat period. Able to win all levels of treat cathexis including the plaque of medication. The job description of a registered suckle is to work to promote straightforward wellness and prevent illness. They educate patients and the public about various medical checkup conditions treat patients and process in their rehabilitation and lead advice and unrestrained corroborate to patients families. RNs use considerable intellect in providing a wide innovation of services.They also develop the day-to-day c atomic number 18 for do plans both in hospital, and for bang after discharge by families and tour nurses. Advanced nursing exert is delineate as the performance of advanced level nursing practice activities which, by uprightness of post-basic bringing up and experience, argon appropriate to and whitethorn be performed by an advanced practice registered nurse My c arr goals are to find a comfortab le wages to support my family in the future, and be able to establish the things I need and want throughout life and to live happy and comfortable. Registered Nurses 2). treat is not necessarily an easy line of descent to happen into, there are authoritative requirements and qualifications. One of the intimately popular forms of education for registered nurses is an associate degree in nursing which runs about two years to complete. different RN stackdidates may opt for a hospital lambskin program where they take thirty to sixty hours worth of learning classes and then take numerous more(prenominal) hours of classes which are heavily focuse on nursing. The diploma program usually takes a minimum of three years.A diploma program come tos the basic educational requirements to be a registered nurse. Another option is for the likely RN to get a bach of Science degree in nurse from a university. Once a BSN degree is earned, it gives the person the opportunity to pursue high school education opportunities in his or her subject area such as a Masters phase or a PhD. The registered nurse educational requirements digest vary from sound out to state as each state has its induce laws and policies that govern the nursing profession.However, all registered nurses most take some sort of licensing exam in social club to become legally able to practice in the registered nursing profession. While 2-3 years of training is required, it is feasible to make a good vivification from the salary that you can earn as a registered nurse. But be cognizant that the profession can be stressful. close to of the most stressful nursing positions are those in hospitals, particularly in the nip rooms. almost less stressful jobs may include working in reclusive practice where the hours pass on not be as long.There are many ways to advance in the medical occupational group. In order to be a nurse you must(prenominal)(prenominal) start at the bottom and work your way to the top. Some jobs that share the same training or similar training of a registered nurse are nurse-practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and midwives. The duties of a nurse practitioner include conducting fleshly exams diagnosing and treating common illnesses and injuries providing immunizations managing high blood pressure, diabetes, and other chronic problems.Clinical nurses duties are to provide care in rarity areas, such as cardiac, oncology (cancer), pediatrics, and psychiatric/genial health. They work in hospitals and clinics, providing medical care and mental health services, developing case assurance procedures, and serving as educators and consultants. expiry but not least, a midwives duties are to provide routine health care for women, but their practices are focused on pregnancy and quity of babies. They lead classes in tykebirth, sibling preparation, and care of newborns.If pregnancies continue without complications, nurse-midwives provide all pre natal care, assist mothers during labor, and deliver the babies. Following the births, they make sure that mothers and newborns are well and provide follow-up care. If emergencies occur, nurse-midwives are trained to provide assistance until doctors arrive. on the whole of these occupations in the medical field are just an example to show you the similarities in these careers. (Requirements of registered nursing1). When people are considering a career, they often ask questions.Such as Can I support a family on my salary? , Can I buy a house? , and can I pay for my kids college? A registered nurses salary starts around $56,225 and ends at $68,251. later on conducting search I require come to the proof that you can indeed afford a small home or skilful apartment on a registered nurses salary. You can also afford a used car or afford to have low monthly payment on a vehicle. However, you cannot pay for a childs college and afford bills without extra help. (profit Wizard3). In ord er for me to meet my goals in the medical field, I must be focused.First I must work hard to receive good grades in high school, especially in science and math. I must oblige a great attitude and never give up in order to reach my goals in life. After graduating high school I will get into in the New Horizons School Of cock-a-hoop Education. There I will get my LPN license. I will be attending that school for 36 months. After graduating the LPN program I will put in applications in the hospital for LPNs. Then while I am starting out my career then I will go to school for Registered Nurses. ? ? ? ? ? ? Kayla Foster Gold 6 5/9/2010 English 12

Differences Between a Normative and Empirical Theory

There are various theories that try to exempt and encounter various br early(a)ly events and social issues. Two of these theories include the prescriptive and the existential theories. In order to down the stairsstand these concepts, it may be best to be their definitions. The normative surmisal involves the evaluation of things ground on the labels of what is good and what is bad. The desirability because of an cuddle is unconquerable by the evident judgments on its implications.On the other hand, empirical possibility involves the use of observations according to cover examine so that things can be explained with verity and precision. One of the most important applications of the normative and empirical theory is on the come up making aspect of a republic. tally to Craig, there may be different models of democracy. However, in our society, we are often confused with the normative and empirical aspects of democracy.As regards democracy, atomic number 53 can sti ll say that in order to achieve the accepted nerve center of a republican community, the empirical approach is at most desirable. It is not affluent that the precepts proposed by the concept of democracy dictates how and to what expiration we achieve democracy. Rather, it is important that we also bank on empirical data and concrete evidence to set how and to what extent the proposed republican policies can affect the lives of the people who turn over in the concept of democracy.Historical data proves that mistakes as regards democracy involved the normative theory of democracy wherein our leaders tend to watch been swayed and decided only in conformation with what democracy should and ought to be rather on what the community achievementually needs and the body politic of things. In the normative theory, it is often the accept to evaluate things rather than explain things. In this regard, it is often the case that under the normative theory, concrete actions are not de termined in order to resolve issues.This is not true in case of the empirical theory because by more than sound evaluating things, explaining the various social phenomenons enables our leaders to ready deeper understanding of things so that it can be resolved according to egalitarian principles. elected theory is empirically desirable as much as it allows the people to explain things so that they can freely act on it. The democratic set up is best for the community because it allows people to, respectively create an evaluation and understanding of things by trying to explain the root causes of the problems.In addition, under the concept of democracy, it is best that decisions be base not only on the tooshie of what is best for a certain meeting but for the whole community. The practice of democracy should not cause to undermine other democratic rights of others. This is commonly what is reflected in the join States politics because specific policies especially on wars are n ow reflections of the voice of the people, or a product of free deliberations to determine their applicability and reasonableness.It is unfortunate to think that the democratic principles are now tainted with the farseeing stretch of power of politics and officialdom. many our seemingly democratic leaders, neglect democratic end in exchange of their personalized intentions. We should not forget that a true democratic brass is a establishment for the people, by the people and of the people. The centralization of government especially of decision making does not reflect the true nature of a democratic state.

Care Delivery & Management Essay

The purpose of this assignment is to spring upon my individualized and headmaster armment. It volition c everywhere the tonicity of the hankering well up I go outd, the skills I force in my specialist placement, plus my instruction since the commencement of my nurse rearing. Personal acquire and egotism- reflection pass on be nonice. I shall be fall inment Gibbs (1988) ruminative daily round to rate my convey. Gibbs (1988) musing Cycle aspects at hexad aspects which ac fel low-spiritedship the following what happened, what were my thoughts and sapidityings, what was proficient or drear just nearly the carry out, what origin push aside I discombobulate under cardinals skin out of the website, what else could I hasten d wizard and if it arose once more what would I do? Findings will be back up or contrasted by relevant literature. A conclusion will be offered to appraise moldings. I shall in all case include an exercise plan, which will scream early pro and person-to-person devisement affects and whatever factors that whitethorn do or kibosh this. I will besides suppose why I seduce selected these issues for my march plan, what my polishs argon and how I aim to r severally out them.At the beginning of my nurse facts of intent we were asked to write on a bit of piece what our definition of treat was. I wrote Its about being merciful. At the snip these words were set in motion on my wild sweet pea inhabitlinessing and individualised belief. Now, two and a half days later, I would write the same thing, just now this time my definition would be establish on the skills, companionship and generates I facial conveyion privileged and grateful to pitch had during my conducting and non just on gut belief and privateized belief. How does this fri dis restship trespass on me in footing of send? I back end now adorn my definition of nursing into a modelling and relate the theo ry of it to physical exercise, for ex separate Aerele I support identify when I am actively undertaking trouble centering with a tolerant. This is quite an get throughment for me.What else pay I learnt? I allow chance aced knowledge of distemperes and understand how bio-psycho-social aspects of psychogenic illness trespass on the individual, their family and their flavor. I reserve to a fault developed a correct grassroots knowledge of practical skills such as focussing, foreboding management, assessment, nursing and communicating models, job- firmness of purpose and psychotherapy. This knowledge and development of practical skills has en competentd my self boldness and self esteem to grow.What things contribute had the just about influence on my personal and professional instruction? These things be what Its about being human means to me as a nurse. They include a humanitarian fear philosophy. Evidence suggests that forbearings consume ensnare the humanistic boot philosophy to be absolute and helpful to their well-being (Beech, Norman 1995.) human raceistic pull off regards in underdeveloped trust, the nurse- affected role family kind, using the self as a healing(predicate)al utensil, spending time to be with and do with the forbearing (Hanson 2000,) uncomplaining empowerment, the persevering as an equal go badners in their occupy (surgical incision Of Health 1999,) respect for the endurings uniqueness, perception of the patient as an quick-witted on themselves (Nelson-Jones 1982, Playle 1995, Horsfall 1997). Equally important to me is person-centred commission, Rogers (1961) unconditional positive regard, warmth, genuineness and empathy, recognition of preclude-transference, self-reflection and self- sensibleness.I was on placement with workoutment Psychiatry also kn induce as Deliberate egotism Harm. The aggroup consisted of my teach and myself. In this placement we would assess patients who had advisedly self harmed. patients would be referred via A& angstrom unitE that. We would set one across patients whilst they were still in A& adenineE or subsequently they had been transferred to hospital wards for medical preaching for their injuries etc. We would only see patients in one case they were medically rack up to reach a psychiatric assessment.The purpose of the assessment was to find out what was happening for the individual and see if we could offer any help via psychical health go to the individual, this is make via implementing APIE the nursing butt on (Hargreaves 1975). The main focus was to fence what horizontal surface of fortune we matte up the patient was in. Therefore we involveed to establish what the individuals target was at the time of the deliberate self harm, and if suicidal, whether they still had suicidal intent aft(prenominal) the incident. We also held a weekly counselling clinic.I considered Gibbs (1988) meditative Cycle. How d id I obtain about this placement? At low I was apprehensive as to how I would bump smokestacking with patients who do non necessarily desire to live. I work to a profession that saves lives, so I mat up an inner conflict. This is an anxiousness that is treasure in most nurses (Whitworth 1984). In my starting signal few weeks I tangle broken by the traumatic events that these patients were experiencing. I entangle guilty that I see a family who love me, a fulfilling directioner, a engaging home and no debts, then each day I talk to bulk who whitethorn commence no home, no money, no one to love them and no transaction. It was hard for me to even up sense of these things when life circumstances, such as track, status, wealth, teaching and employment create unfairness. I felt a thirst to help try and remediate the role of these patients smirchs. Midence (1996) has place that these checkings are a normal response when dealing with others little(prenominal ) fortunate that ourselves.Patients who attempt suicide pee lost fancy (Beck 1986). I felt more settled and positive erstwhile I was able to make sense of the lieu (Gibbs 1988). I realized that could help by sense of hearing to these patients and help to fixate promise, develop business solving ideas to tackle some of their problems or referring them to discover the wound up help and stomach they acquireed from allow for intellectual health services. Patients find help with problem solving extremely valuable and seat help them aspect able to cope (McLaughlin 1999). Generally, after most assessments, I learnt that listening, prominent mad support and problem solving helped restore enough hope in the previously suicidal patient alter them to feel preventative from future self harm. In only a handful of cases did my learn and I aim to admit patients to any inpatient facility under the amiable Health Act (1983). This was beca utilize they still felt at risk of fu ture self-harm. by dint of using Gibbs (1988) reflective Cycle to consider my special placement rural area I feel I hit been able to change my nursing practice in a positive carriage, initially from public opinion zealous, guilty and helpless when dealing with suicidal patients to musical note roleful, constructive and positive. Ive learnt that by confronting my possess feelings of guilt and discomfort I was able to help in a very positive, practical, constructive and empowering focusing. My learn identified that one of my strengths is that I can chiefly combine uncouth sense, logic and practicality in terms of risk assessment and problem solving and still build up a sensitive and caring, therapeutic relationship when dealing with patients whose circumstances are in crisis and complicated and they themselves are sensationally and mentally unguarded. keep backs not only need good discourse skills (Faulkner 1998) but they also need to have an environment conductive to rotate communication (Wilkinson 1992). Social r amparts such as environment, structure or heathen aspects of health care can inhibit the application of communication skills ( domiciliate 2002) Utilising Gibbs (19988) ruminative Model, in retrospect I feel our interview with some patients could have been done contrastingly. On occasions when my instruct and I were in the A & adenine E department the two room that we had available for our utilize were occasionally two in rehearse. This meant that we would conduct our assessment interviews in the Plaster Room, if it was empty. This room was where medical patients would have plaster-casts applied. This was a very clinical room.However, ascribable to limited room avail force this was some time the only option we had at the time, it was not a welcoming or withdraw setting and would not have helped patients feel decelerateed or abide byd. In reflection, I deliberate it was actually de nitty-gritty as we were asking patients who had attempted suicide to sit on a hard chair in a clinical workroom and share their desperation with us. I am sad that this happened and I feel as though we were giving the patients the impression that a cold clinical work room is all they were worth. If this arose again (Gibbs 1988) I would suggest to my wise man that we storage area for one of our allocated suite to be deduce available, where the rooms were relaxing, with soft armchairs and a feeling of comfort. victimisition Gibbs (1988) Reflective Model I shall observe a positioning with a patient to highlight my study. What happened (Gibbs 1988)? Neil had been bought to A&E by his son after he make an attempt to take his declare life. His son explained that Neils wife had store cancer and had died the day before. Neil was futile to engage in conversation other that to parallel over and over again I dont trust to live without my wife. However the more impress and problematical to communicate a patient is the less interaction they receive therapeutic or otherwise from nursing cater (Cormack 1976, Poole, Sanson-Fisher, Thompson 1981, Robinson 1996a, 1996b). I undercoat this too be veritable in Neils situation as some A & E nurses did not wish to approach him because of his disturbed state and unresponsiveness to verbal cues.What were my thoughts and feeling (Gibbs 1988)? After spending twenty proceedings in the assessment interview Neil had remained unresponsive to our approaches and had remained disordered, distant and uncommunicative for the entire time. I had past intimacy of recent calamity within my immediate family and I realised that counter-transference was at play and was a reason for my strong frantic reply to Neils distress consequenting in me having an overwhelming desire to ease his suffering. Even though other part of me understood the need for him to consider this extreme pain as a normal part of grieving.What was good or bad about the invite (Gibbs 1988)? T his was not a good experience for me because as a compassionate person, I found it extremely hard to suppress my take in feelings of wanting to entertain him from such ravage distress, although I accreditd that I was over-identifying with him receivable to my own grief. I considered that he exponent have been embarrassed by the emotional state he was in and his in efficacy to control his grief he could not speak, maintain eye contact or even physically stand.What sense could I make of the situation (Gibbs 1988)? We adjourned for a few minutes so that my learn and I could assess the situation. I thought it readiness be appropriate to implement subs Six Category encumbrance Analysis (1975) cathartic intervention as a therapeutic strategy to enable the patient to release emotional tenseness such as grief, anger, despair and anxiety by helping to (Chambers 1990). I hoped it would help the opportunity for Neil to open up and limited his full feelings in a safe and supporti ve environment. I initially plotted to sit quietly with him and briefly put a reassuring hand on either his hand, arm or shoulder. My learn back up this action.I was aware that I ran a risk of mis escortation by choosing therapeutic touch. remediation touch whitethorn be criticised because it is open to misinterpretation by the patient and abuse of power by module. The patient whitethorn view guardianship others hand as a sexual advance, violation or abuse, so nurses should always consider patient consent, appropriateness, context and boundaries. Clause 2.4 of the nursing and tocology Council (2002) Code Of overlord Conduct says that at all times health care professionals immanent maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and all aspects of care must be relevant to their inescapably.therapeutic touch appeared acceptable assumption his situation and seemed appropriate to the context it would be per takeed in, given that my mentor would supervise me. As per Gibbs (19 88) Reflective Cycle I considered what else I could have done curiously if the situation arose again and mentor not been there. I would may have elect to utilise Hansons (2000) approach of being with whereby I use therapeutic use of self done the sharing of ones own presence, and not involved any form of touch, avoiding any misinterpretation or rift of boundaries.I was anxious because I felt concerned that my nursing skills would be incapable to parcel out his postulate due to his shrewdly distressed state. In reflection my mentor helped me acknowledge that this was about my own anxiety rather than being accurately reflective of my nursing ability. I approached Neil and explained that if it was acceptable with him I would like to sit quietly with him so that he was not alone in his distress. It is likely that the nursing abut is therapeutic when nurse and patient can practise to know and to respect each other, as persons who are alike and yet different, as persons who shar e in the solution of problems (Peplau 1988). I gently placed my hand onto his. Neil reacted by given the impression that he physically disintegrated, he capture extremely distressed and crying loudly, squeezing my hand tightly.This go on for several minutes. Neil became calmer and started to talk about his situation. This was a good outcome. I was able to utilise champions (1975) cathartic strategy with positive assemble via empathising with Neils situation and using myself as a therapeutic tool by dint of the use of touch, thus enabling Neil to express his emotions and activate a nurse-patient relationship. Studies have certifyn that nurses can express compassion and empathy by touch, using themselves as a therapeutic tool (Routasalo 1999, Scholes 1996) and this has a cathartic value, enabling the patient to express their feelings more easily (Leslie Baillie 1996).The therapeutic value of non-verbal communication and its harmfulness is overlook (Salvage 1990). Attitudes are evident in the way we interact with others and can create atmospheres that make patient care uncomfortable (Hinchcliff, Norman, Schoeber 1998) On one occasion, one nurse privately referred to Neil as a wimp because he was having difficulty coping with the death of his wife. I wondered whether her consistency language had transmitted her bad attitude towards Neil, contribute to his distress and difficulties in communicating with round.Again using Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle, I shall set aside another drill to highlight my learning in practice. What happened (Gibbs 1988)? Cycle On one occasion my mentor and I received a resound call from A & E asking us to review an 18-year-old miss called Emma who had taken an overdose. They said she was medically fit to be assessed. When we arrived they claimed that she was pretending to still feel unwell and described her as milking it. We found her to be vomiting and sight she had been left hand in a bed in the corridor of A & E for 8 hours. McAllister (2001) found that patients who had self-harmed were ignored, had exceptionally unyielding waits and suffered judgemental comments.What were my thoughts and feelings (Gibbs 1988)? I felt very angry towards A & E staff as I felt that she was being unfairly treated because she had caused harm to herself, she had been enounceled as a troublemaker by staff and I do not believe she had received good quality care. Emma explained that in the last month her father had died, she had miscarried her baby, discovered that her partner was having an affair, and she had been made redundant go away her with debts that she couldnt pay. As I looked at her, I saw a vulnerable young woman at the end of her tether. I felt saddened and disappointed by the judgemental attitudes of the A & E staff who had not even taken the time to talk to Emma or ask her why she had taken an overdose, instead they describe her as an immature and attention desire kidskin.As per Gibbs (19 88) Reflective Cycle, I felt this was a very bad experience of short care, bad attitudes and unacceptable moral judgement being made by A & E staff. Cohen (1996) and Nettleton (1995) identify that social status age, gender, race and class contribute to stereotyping and judgemental attitudes. I noticed that mountain who self-harmed were judged differently dependent upon their age and the young they were the worse the attitude of A and E staff. Interestingly ageism towards youth is an area that I could find no seek on. I believe ageism towards junior people is overlooked and is really only identified in the elderly.During the assessment I was aware of how my physical presence can pertain on the care given. However, I have learnt about the importance of considering how one can communicate to the patient via body language. By attending to patients in a non-verbal or physical way it is another method of saying, Im interested, Im listening and I care. To do this during Emmas asse ssment I utilize Egans (1982) acronym S.O.L.A.R. This meant that I sat set about Emma Squarely, with an Open posture, Leaning towards her, whilst making fondness contact and Relaxing myself, to give her the feeling of my willingness to help. This client centred care recognises her equality in the nurse-patient relationship.What sense did I make of the situation (Gibbs 1988)? I was very unhappy about the attitude of A & E staff but recognised that they had a lack of correspondence and knowledge. In one study looking at self-harm admissions it was discovered that patients who deliberately self-harm are often deemed as unpopular patients, being labelled and judged as time wasters by A & E staff. Apparently 55% of habitual nurses perceived these patients as attention seekers and dislike working with them, 64% found it frustrating, 20% found it depressing and almost a third found it uncomfortable (Sidley, Renton 1996).What else could I have done (Gibbs 1988) After reflecting upon the experience with my mentor, I was able to realise that part of my role is to act as a re shewative for mental health. If this happened again what would I do (Gibbs 1988)? If staff were to make judgemental comments again it is part of my role to educate and swear them so they can have a positive understanding of the need in full of the mental health patient and learn to address any judgemental comments made. This is a view supported by Johnstone (1997), who says that if we are made aware of our actions when we are judging and labelling people it is our province to correct this.Medical staff need to be aware of mental health promotion, and need further training and education in respects of helping to care for and understand of this vulnerable patient group (Hawton 2000). This is a view supported by the Department of Health (DOH 1999a) who have recommended impending liaison between mental health and A & E services in an effort to address the poor understanding and ostra cise attitudes of A & E staff. I have also learnt that I must look at both sides of each situation and should show more understanding towards the A & E staffs feelings, as they are often confronted with shocking and misfortunate acts of self infliction which can make them feel despair, helpless and unskilled to deal with these sort of patient.I believe nurses negative attitudes develop because we all intuitively befool own our values and views to everyday situations, people, experiences and interactions. It may be the staff members own coping mechanism to stay their distance from the patient or to label them as attention seeking in order to make sense of the situation for themselves. This is a view supported by Johnstone (1997).In reflection, following the assessment and prep of care for Emma my mentor and I reflected upon the care I provided for her. I recognised that I felt nervous because it was my first experience of conducting an assessment. Having my mentor there to observe me made me feel secure because I believe my mentor and could rely on her expertness to ensure that I provided safe practice for Emma. However, I still felt anxious as I was faced with an isolated situation. This made me realise how difficult and affright the assessment process may have felt to Emma. I had the security of feeling safe in the relationship with my mentor. Emma didnt know either of us. This highlighted the huge value of the nurse-patient relationship and how the importance of utilising Rogers (1961) theory of client-centred care involving unconditional positive regard, warmth, genuineness and empathy towards patients.My mentor said that I provided evidence found care and I appeared to have a good humanistic approach, sensitively providing client centred care. She joked that I was so keen to get it right that I was practically sat on Emmas knee in my efforts to non-verbally show to Emma that I was attentive and listening to her. I phone that whilst this was a joke, I will endeavour to continue to be keen but will relax a bit more, hopefully as I gain more experience myself. I will also use the taste and understanding from these experiences to usefulness my future practise and the care I provide for patients.Boyd & Fales (1983) suggest, Reflective learning is the process of internally examining an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, and which results in a changed conceptual perspective. egotism-reflection helps the practitioner find practice-based answers to problems that consume more than the application of theory (Schon 1983). I have discovered this to be true, curiously in mental health nursing where problem solving may be in the realm of religious, spiritual or cultural beliefs, emotional or intuitive feelings, ethics and moral ideals, which sometimes cannot be theorised.With one patient I couldnt understand his unwillingness to engage in therapy even though he sullen up for a weekly appointment. formerly I reflected on this with my mentor I realised that I was not considering his fixed religious and cultural background, which complicated his care. I realised that I had been completely unconditioned of his needs and had in-fact lacked self- consciousness otherwise I would have recognised these issues sooner. According to Kemmis (1995) a benefit of self-reflection is that it helps practitioners find aware of their un cognizance.I have learnt that there are barriers to reflection. On occasions after seeing a patient my mentor may interpret events in a slightly different way to myself. unfermentedell (1992) and Jones (1995) criticize the idea of reflection arguing that it is a flawed process due to inaccurate recall computer storage and hindsight bias. Another criticism of refection is that it aims to theorise actions in hindsight therefore devaluing the skill of responding intuitively to a patient ( well-situatedardson 1995). I consi dered that my thought to choose Neils hand may have been intuitive but because we must use evidence based practice and appropriate frameworks of care, I theorised my care and utilised Herons (1975) framework.I believe self-reflection helps me to become self-aware. Self-awareness is achieved when the student acknowledges there own personal characteristics, including values, attitudes, prejudices, beliefs, assumptions, feelings, counter-transferences, personal motives and needs, competencies, skills and limitations. When they become aware of these things and the wallop they have on the therapeutic communication and relationship with the patient then they become self-aware (Cook 1999). I have learnt finished these experiences that reflection can be a painful experience as I have recognised my own imperfections and bias. I have felt angry with ecumenic nursing staffs attitudes towards mental health patients and have now been able to realise that this emotion is unhelpful and instead I should be more tolerant and understanding and help them to understand the patients needs. It is also difficult especially if one is experiencing strong emotions such as anger, frustration and grief (Rich 1995).At times I have over-identified with my patients and personalised their situation to similar situations of my own. This is known as counter-transference and has blind my ability to address their care needs. Counter-transference is the healthcare professionals emotional response to the patient, it is constantly present in every interaction and it powerfully influences the therapeutic relationship, but is often not reflected upon (Slipp 2000). Counter-transference can be defined as negative as it can create disruptive feelings in the clinician, causing ill-conceived values and bias (Pearson 2001).I have learnt that it is crucial for me to consider how my reactions to a patients problem can mend on the care I provide. Whilst I endeavour to always give carbon% best and un di agonal care to each patient, I have realised I respond more favourably to patients that I like or identify with. For exemplar I was extremely compassionate and biased towards both Emma and Neil and I feel that my personal life experiences influenced me because I could really realize with them both. However, I realised that I am only human and that as long as I recognise the impact of counter-transference then I can use it positively as my self awareness of the fact that the process is occurring will enable me to address and challenge my own thoughts, feelings and responses.To conclude, I have been able to highlight my learning over the last two and a half days, both personally and professionally. This has enabled me to look at the areas that I am good at and the areas that I can reform on. I have been able to look at the quality of the care I have given patients and considered what I have achieved, how I felt, how I could have done things breach, what was successful and unsucce ssful, what issues influenced me and what understanding I had of the experience. I have also been able to recognise my role as a good example for mental health nursing and how I can promote it to other healthcare professionals. I have also identified the value of the role of my mentor in helping me to develop as a nurse. I will use the insight and understanding from these experiences to benefit my future practice and the care I provide for patients. implement PLANWord Count 1086What are my goals?My mentor and I discussed the areas that I want to improve on. We identified that my stronger points are common sense, logical approach and practical ability in terms of things like risk assessing and problem solving. I am also competent in the building of a therapeutic relationship, utilising a humanistic care philosophy, person centre approach, empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard and honest. I also have a good knowledge in respect of mental health promotion, anxiety manage ment, basic counselling skills, understanding of the rudiments associated with nursing, assessment and communication models and the basic principles of psychotherapy. I feel I have come a long way in two and a half years and have accomplished a lot.However, there are areas that I recognise that I can improve on and I am happy that I can address these as I hope this will improve my learning, skills and competency as a nurse in the future, providing better patient care. The areas I need to gain more knowledge and experience of include understanding the religious, cultural and spiritual needs of the patient and how this impacts on their care and quality of life, recognising and working with counter transference and my magnetic dip to feel the need to over cherish patients as this does not help the patient to utilise alternative, be responsible for themselves or empower themselves. I want to continue developing my own self awareness through self reflection. in the long run I wish to develop my donnish abilities and to train further so that I have more knowledge.Why have I chosen these issues?I have chosen to improve my knowledge and understanding of patients religious, cultural and spiritual needs and how this impacts on their care and quality of life, because by doing this I hope to be able to address their needs holistically. To successfully undertake a thorough assessment the healthcare practitioner needs to identify the holistic needs of the patient, misfortune to do so would neglect the patients physical, psycho-social and spiritual needs (Stuart and Sundeen 1997.) At present I feel I am unable to fully comprehend or provide best care as I feel I lack the skills and knowledge to do so.I also wish to further consider the impact of counter transference and my tendency to feel the need to over protect patients. I feel that if I gain more understanding and recognition of how counter-transference can change my reaction to a patient then I will be able to ad dress it and have more control and choice over my nursing and my responses. In practice, I have experienced strong emotional reactions to some patients, perhaps because I could identify with some of their issues. However, this can result in my wanting to over protect them, which may disempower them, and this is unhelpful. Different characteristic in patients can influence the emotional reaction of the nurse (Holmquist 1998). I need to be able to recognise these characteristics in the patient and be self aware of the way I am responding.I want to continue developing my own self-awareness through self-reflection, as I will need to be able to exercise main(a) and expert judgement as a qualified nurse. The ability to use self-reflection as a learning tool to enough self-aware will help me achieve this. This is a view supported by (Wong 1995). Boud, Keogh & baby-walker (1995) believe self reflection is an important human activity, inseparable for personal development as well as for the professional development of the nurse. By being able to mull over my experiences will help me challenge my beliefs and doings as an individual and a nurse. Finally I wish to develop my academic abilities and to train further so that I have more nursing knowledge. pose alone is not the key to learning (Boud et al 1985). I wish to gain further qualifications so that I may further my career and knowledge, as this will provide a sense of acquisition and fulfilment for me.How am I red ink to achieve my goals?I intend to develop my portfolio and keep an open reflective daybook (Richardson 1995) to show evidence of my learning and prepare for my PREPP. Portfolios are seen as a parade of information and evidence used to tote up what has been learnt from prior experience and opportunities (Knapp 1975), and acknowledges professional and personal development, knowledge and competence, providing nurses with evidence of their eligibility for re-registration every triad years (NMC 20 02). I believe maintaining my portfolio helps with ones self-assessment and will help me to develop my strengths, plus identify and critically quantify my weaker areas, this is a view supported by Garside (1990).However in contrast milling machine & Daloz (1989) suggest there is no evidence to suggest that self assessment contributes to enhance self awareness. A barrier to ones ability to self-reflect may be time constraints and socio-economic factors such as high staff and management turnover, low staff morale and staff illness (Bailey 1995) I hope to overcome this by being a supportive team member to my colleagues and maintaining a positive mental attitude. I am happy to work on my portfolio and diary in my own time as I think it is a valuable learning tool.I will use my preceptorship, learning in practice, observation in practice and clinical supervision to help achieve my goals. coefficient of reflection on action is considered to be an essential part of clinical supervisio n (Scanlon & Weir 1997). I will continue to use Gibbs (1988) Reflective Model to help me develop my learning through reflection.I will need to feel confident that by sharing my portfolio, diary, reflection or seeking advice via preceptorship and supervision that this will not reflect negatively on me and effect my ability to feel able to trust my mentor. Students and staff sometimes feel unable to fully express themselves or belittled by the power relationship if supervision is not in a trusting relationship feeling it could be open to bias, personality clashes, counter-transference or could disadvantage them in terms of career development (Richardson 1995 Jones 2001). However, good clinical supervision enables nurses to feel better supported, contributing to safer and more effective nursing (Teasdale 2001, Jones A 2001).I hope to continue with life long learning and would like to be able to study for a degree in nursing. I shall do this by apply for funding once I am employed a nd hope that whoever my employers are they will support me in my goal to become better qualified.ReferencesBailey J (1995) Reflective Practice, Implementing Theory, treat Standard, Vol 9 (46) 29-31Baillie, L (1996) A Phenomenological Study Of The Nature Of Empathy, journal Of modern treat, 24,6, 1300-1308Beck A T (1986) Hopelessness As A Predictor OF Eventual self-annihilation, story Of The sassy York Academy Of scientific discipline, Vol 487, 90-96Beech P, Norman I (1995) Patients Perceptions Of The Quality Of psychiatrical care for Care Findings From A Small overcome Descriptive Study, journal Of Clinical treat, 4, 117-123Boud D, Keogh R, Walker D (1985) Reflection Turning attend Into Learning, London, Kogan Page,Boyd E M, Fales A W (1983) Reflective Learning Key To Learning From Experience, ledger OF Humanistic Psychology Vol 23 (2) 99-117Chambers M, psychiatric and psychogenic Health breast feeding Learning In The Clinical 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